Ukukhiqizwa kukaSilika kwavela eChina. Inganekwane ithi uMfisi Hsi Ling Shi, unkosikazi we-Emperor uHuang Ti, owaziwa nangokuthi i-Yellow Emperor, uthole isilika ngemuva kokuthi ikhukhunathi ye-silkworm iwele ocansini lwayo. Umakhosi wayehlaba umxhwele usilika futhi kuthiwa wayeqamba nge-silkworm futhi wenza i-reel ne-loom.
I-China yagcina iyimfihlo indlela okwenziwa ngayo usilika cishe iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezintathu, noma ubani ozama ukushushumbisa amaqanda, ukhukhunathi noma amasilika ezweni ngaphandle kokubulawa ngokushesha. Abathengisi futhi kwadingeka bahambe umgwaqo oyingozi weSilk, owawuqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-6 500 ukusuka eMpumalanga China uye eMedithera ogwadule oTakla Makan nasentabeni yePamir ukuyothenga usilika iningi lenza kuphela izingxenye ezithile zohambo.
Kunemibono ehlukahlukene yokuthi imfihlo kasilika yaphulwa kanjani. Omunye uthi inkosazana yaseChina ishushumbisa amaqanda nge-hairket lapho ishada nenkosana yakwelinye izwe. Okunye ukuthi, abafuduki baseShayina bashushumbisa amaqanda kanye nabo lapho beya kwamanye amazwe aseMpumalanga.
AbaseNtshonalanga babanjwa cishe ngonyaka ka-550 C.E lapho umbusi waseByzantine uJustinian ethumela izindela ezimbili enkabeni ye-Asiya, owayeshushumbisa amaqanda ngezinduku zoqalo.
Ukukhiqizwa Kwamanye Amazwe
I-China isenomkhakha omkhulu we-sericulture, olandelwa yiNdiya. Amavolumu amancane nawo akhiqizwa emazweni anjengeKorea, iThailand neBrazil.
Ukukhiqiza Kwendawo
Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1600s, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithi kamalibhele zaziswa eNingizimu Afrika zivela eThailand, eTaiwan nase-Indonesia. Ngo-1726, ama-silkworms alethwa ezweni yi-Dutch East India Company.
U-Silika wabe esekhiqizwa yizigqila kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwenziwa umzamo wokwenza umsebenzi wamahhala wokwenza izigqila eduze naseStellenbosch.
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ochwepheshe base-Italy abasebenza ngezinyosi beza e-Ningizimu Afrika ukuzoqala imboni kasilika eGouna, eduzane naseKnysna eNtshonalanga Kapa. Abahlali laba babekholelwa ukuthi bazokwazi ukuqala ukulima kwabo ngokushesha, nokho, eGouna zazingekho izihlahla kamalibhele, okwakusho ukuthi abafuduki kufanele baphendukele kwezolimo nasekugawuleni izinkuni ukuze baphile. Izihlahla kamalibhele eziye zatshalwa zaphelelwa yisikhathi ngenxa yezimo ezingezinhle zokukhula.
Ngeminyaka yama-1980s, uMnyango wezoLimo waqala iphrojekthi yokulima imifino eMpumalanga. Kwenziwa izilingo eziningi ukuhlola izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithi kamalibhele nemikhuba yokukhiqiza. Ngo-1994, iphrojekthi kamalibhele yathathwa ngabamabhizinisi azimele ngemuva kokuba uhulumeni eyekile ukuxhaswa ngemali ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zezimali kanye nembuyiselo ephansi.
Ukukhiqiza
Elinye kuphela lamapulazi asele ezisele eSouth Africa atholakala eMpumalanga eduze naseGraskop. Leli pulazi laline cishe amahektha ayi-6 ngaphansi kwezihlahla zomalibhele ngo-2019. Izihlahla zihanjiswa njalo emavikini ayisithupha kuya kwayisi-8 ngezihlahla zokunciphisa ukuphathwa kokukhiqiza. Lezi zihlahla zigqitshwa phansi ebusika bese ziphuma ziphuma ngokuphelele entwasahlobo. Azikho izihlahla ezintsha ezitshaliwe epulazini kusukela ngonyaka we-1994 ngenxa yesimo esihlasela izihlahla.
Isikhathi Sokukhiqiza
Ngenkathi izimbotshana zesilika ezigcinwa yizingane zesikole zinemijikelezo yokukhula emibili, i-Afrika Silk isebenzisa umkhiqizo ukuze ibe nosilika okuqhubekayo unyaka wonke. Ngokusho kukaRonel Swart, ongumnikazi wale nkampani, amaqanda aboshwa ukuze awavumele akhiqize ama-hatchings njalo ngeviki lesibili.
Izibungu ezisanda kubhajwa zithola amaqabunga amancanyana ngoba imihlathi yazo ayakheki ngokuphelele okwenza kube nzima ukuzondla ngamahlamvu amadala. Izibungu zondliwa kuze kube kahlanu ngosuku, kuya esigabeni sokuthuthuka kwazo. Izibungu zivame ukuqala ukuphotha amakhukhunathi azo izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu ngemuva kokubanjwa.
Kucishe kuthathe ikhilogremu yokudla ukukhulisa amasilika angama-50, kanti ukhula olulodwa kuphela lukhiqiza cishe isililo esingu-0,5 kasilika. Lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe amakhukhunathi angama-4761 ayadingeka ukukhiqiza cishe ikhilogremu kasilika.
Izinhlobo
Usilika kukhiqizwa uhlobo lweBombyx mori, okuyi-silkworm yasekhaya evela emndenini wakwaBombycidae. Ezinye izinambuzane zibuye zikhiqize usilika, njengesibungu soMopani e-Afrika, kodwa indlela abukeka ngayo lo silika yehlukile kuleyo ekhiqizwa yisilika. Iningi laleli silika nalo livunwa endle.
Ukuthengisa
I-Africa Silk ithengisa usilika wayo osetshenzwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ikakhulukazi kwabaseYurophu.
Imisbenzi
Usilika unesisindo esiphansi, okwenza kube kuhle ngezingubo ezikhanyayo futhi ezintofontofo. Inezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokufakelwa, zikugcina ufudumele ebusika futhi zipholile ehlobo, futhi iyi-fibre yemvelo enamandla kakhulu etholakalayo, yingakho iphinde isetshenziselwe ukwenza imikhiqizo efana namapharathi namathayi webhayisekili.
Imicu yesilika inezinto ezilwa ne-antibacterial futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wezokwelapha ukwakheka kwe-arterial namanye ama-prosthetics nokwelapha amanxeba nokushiswa.
Translated by Nsika Khoza