Ama-mulberry kucatshangelwa ukuthi avela eChina, Japan naseHimalayan Foothills. Lezi zihlahla zihlanganiswa kakhulu ne-sericulture (ukukhiqizwa kwesilika), kanti neChina iphonsa usilika kusuka kukhukoni endle kuze kufike emuva eminyakeni engama-4 500 edlule. Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-sericulture lapha.
Sekuyisikhathi eside izihlahla zemabhele zibiliswa ngezithelo zazo ezibunjiweyo nangezokwelapha. E-Asia, abalimi kade besebenzisa amaqabunga njengokudla kwezilwane, okuwumkhuba osabalale e-Afrika, eLatin naseMelika Ephakathi, naseCaribbean kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980.
Izinkuni zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ifenisha, obhasikidi abalukiwe ngisho nemishini yezemidlalo emazweni anjengeNdiya enamagxolo ezinye izinhlobo. Izinhlobo ezithile futhi zisetshenziselwa ukwenza iphepha.
Ukukhiqizwa Kwamanye Amazwe
I-China inendawo enkulu ngaphansi kokukhiqizwa kamalibhele, ilandelwe yiNdiya. Amavolumu amancane nawo akhiqizwa emazweni anjengeThailand neBrazil.
Ukukhiqiza Kwendawo
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zangeniswa eNingizimu Afrika zisuka e-Indonesia, Thailand naseTaiwan kusukela ngonyaka we-1600s. Imizamo yokuqala imboni yesilika yaqala ngo-1726 lapho i-Dutch East India Company iletha izimbotshana zezilimo ezweni. Kuqala, usilika bekhiqizwa yizigqila kanti bekukhona nomzamo wokusungula iphrojekthi yamahhala yokufunda izigqila eduze kwaseStellenbosch.
Ngo-1881 iqembu lezingcweti ezingamatshumi amathathu zase-Italy elethwe eSouth Africa, ukuzoqala imboni kasilika eGouna ngaseKnysna eNtshonalanga Kapa. Abokufika bebengaphansi kwengqondo yokuthi bazokwazi ukuqala ukulima zisuka nje, kodwa lapho befika bathole ukuthi azikho izihlahla kamalibhele ehlathini laseGouna. Ekugcineni, kwakudingeka abuyele kwezolimo nasekhuneni izinkuni ukuze aphile. Izihlahla kamalibhele abazitshalile nazo azihlali isikhathi eside ngenxa yezimo ezingezinhle zokukhiqiza.
Muva nje ngeminyaka yama-1980s, uMnyango wezoLimo wethule iphrojekthi yokulima imifino eMpumalanga, lapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithi kamalibhele. Le projekthi yenziwa yangasese ngonyaka we-1994 lapho uhulumeni eyeka imali yokuxhasa lo msebenzi ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme kanye nembuyiselo ephansi.
USolwazi Kas Holtzhuasen, obekade enza umsebenzi wokuqothula nokuphucwa kwesihlahla saseMarula, ubonakala njengomunye wamaphayona kulo msebenzi.
Ukukhiqiza
Ama-mulberry akhula kahle ezindaweni lapho kungekho ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa. Zidinga namanzi amaningi, ngakho-ke kutshalwa kangcono ezindaweni ezinemvula enkulu.
Umbhele omhlophe uhlasela kakhulu futhi kungenzeka ungabe usatshalwa ngaphandle kwemvume. Ukukhiqizwa kukamalibhele nakho kusebenza kakhulu ngoba wonke amajikijolo kufanele akhethwe ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukukhiqizwa kokulungile cishe akukho lapho kubakhona, lapho izimpahla eziningi zibonakala ezitolo zingeniswa noma zivela ezihlahleni ezimbalwa okungenzeka ukuthi zisaphila emapulazini endawo.
Elinye lamapulazi ase-sericulture asele ezweni litholakala eLimpopo ngaseHoedspruit. Leli pulazi laline-ha elingamahektare ayi-6 lakhiwa ngonyaka ka-2019, kepha zonke lezi zihlahla zihlala zigawulwa zibe izihlahla ezifana nengoma ethi "Here We Go Round The Mulberry Bush" ukuze kube lula ukuphathwa nokuvunwa. Lezi zihlahla ziveza kuphela umthamo omncane wezithelo ezincane. Amaqabunga awasetshenziswa nje njengokudla kwama-silkworms kepha futhi nokudla izingulube.
Njengoba kushiwo ngumnikazi we-Africa Silk, uRonel Swart, azange zitshalwe izihlahla ezintsha selokhu laqala ukwenziwa ipulazi ngo-1994 ngenxa yesimo esihlasela izihlahla.
Isikhathi Sokukhiqiza
Ama-mulberry ayizithelo zasehlobo, nezithelo ezivuthwa kusuka entwasahlobo.
Izinhlobo
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zikhona. Izinhlobo zokuqala ezakhiqizwa e-Afrika Silk yiNoi neThai Sang, ezithengiswe kwamanye amazwe zisuka eThailand kodwa futhi zikhula eTaiwan. Ubuhle balezi zinhlobonhlobo ukuthi abakhiqizi izimbali eziningi namajikijolo, ngakho-ke musa ukubeka engcupheni izimbali zasendaweni.
Zibuye zikhiqize nezinhlobonhlobo zaseWaterkloof, ezingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amajikijolo kepha zikhiqiza izithelo ezincane kuphela ngoba izihlahla zigawulwa ukukhulisa amaqabunga hhayi ukukhiqiza amajikijolo.
Ukuthengisa
Ama-mulberry ambalwa ayathengiswa eNingizimu Afrika, lapho iningi lezitoko ezitholwayo zingeniswa noma zivunwa ezihlahleni ezingalinywanga ngokusemthethweni.
Umsebenzi
Ama-mulberry yi-superfood, enothile ngamavithamini, amaminerali, i-fibre, anti-immune kanye nama-antioxidants.
Zingajatshulelwa okusha, ezisetshenziselwa izinto ezibhakiwe, ezifriziwe noma zisetshenziswelwe ukusetshenziswa kuma-dessert, ama-juices, itiye, i-yoghurts kanye nama-jams. I-phrotheni kasilika isetshenziswa futhi emgqonyeni wezemithi, we-prosthetics kanye ne-cosmetics.
Translated by Nsika Khoza