Tirhubeyila ti ehleketeleriwa kuva ti tumbuluke e China, Japan nale Himalayan Foothills. Misinya yakona yi fambelanisiwa na sericulture (silk production), laha China yikumaka silk kusuka eka ti cocoons enhoveni kusukela eka malembe yava 4 500 lawa ya hundzeke.
Misinya yati tirhubeyila nayona a yi hlayisiwa ngopfu hikokwalaho ka mihandzu yayona leyi yotsokombela na vuswikoti byo tshungula. E Asia, van’wamapurasi akuri khale vatirhisa matluka kuva ya dyiwa hi swifuwo, maendlelo lawa yanga hangalaka kuya fika e Afrika, Latin nale Central America, xikan’we nale Caribbean kusukela hiva 1980s.
Mintsandza yatona yitirhisiwa ku endla fenichara, ti basikiti xikan’we na switirhisiwa swin’wana swa mintlangu eka matiko yofana na India laaha mahanti ya tinxaka tin’wana ya tierhisiwaka ku endla maphepha.
Vuhumelerisi Bya Misava Hinkwayo
China yina ndzhawu leyikulu swinene ya vuhumelerisi bya tirhubeyila, kulandzela tiko ra India. Tinhlayo letintsongo titlhela tihumelerisiwa eka matiko yofana na Thailand na Brazil.
Vuhumelerisi Bya Laha Kaya
Tinxaka to hambana hambana titisiwile e Afrika Dzonga kusuka e Indonesia, Thailand, nale Taiwan kusukela hiva 1600s. Kuringeta kusungula vuhumelerisi bya silk swi sungule hi lembe ra 1726 loko Dutch East India Company yitise ti silkworms laha tikweni. Ekusunguleni, silk ayi humelerisiwa hi mahlonga naswona kuve na kuringetiwa ku tumbuluxa projeke ya mahala ya mahlonga ya sericulture ekusuhi na Stellenbosch.
Hi 1881 ntlawa wa kwalomu ka makume nharhu wa vativi va sericulture vale Italy wutisiwile e Afrika Dzonga, kusungula vuhumelerisi bya silk e Gouna kusuhi na Knysna e Western Cape. Vahlampfa lava ava ehleketa leswaku vata vhela vasungula vurimi kusukela kwalaho, kambe loko vafika vakume leswaku akungari na misinya ya tirhubeyila e Gouna forest. Eku heteleleni, vahundzukele eka vurimi naku vatla leswaku vata kota ku tihanyisa. Misinya ya tirhubeyile leyi vayi byaleke nayona ayi hanyanga nkarhi woleha hikokwalaho ka xiyimo xa vuhumelerisi lexi axingari kahle.
Eka nkarhi lowungariki wakhale ngopfu wa malembe yava 1980s, ndzawulo ya vurimi yi simeke projeke ya sericulture e Mpumalanga, laha kunga endliwa swikambelo swotala swinene eka tinxaka totala ta misinya ya tirhubeyila. Projeke leyi yi xaviseriwe munhu hi lembe ra 1994 loko mfumo wu yimise mpfuneto wa timali eka projeke leyi hikokwalaho ka tihakelo tale henhla na mbuyelo wale hansi.
Prof Kas Holtzhuasen, loyi anga famba emahlweni eka ku endla misinya ya makanyi yiva yale kaya xikan’we na kuyi natswisa, tani hileswi a tekiwaka tani hi murhangeri wa projeke leyi.
Vuhumelerisi
Tirhubeyila tikula kahle swinene eka tindzhawu letingariki na ku cinca ngopfu ka maxelo. Yitlhela yilava mati yotala, se swikahle kuva yi byariwa eka tindzhawu letinga tala timpfula.
Muxaka wa tirhubeyila tobasa wukota ku nghenelela swinene naswona aswingaha lavi mpfumelelo kuwa tibyariwa. Vuhumelerisi bya tirhubeyila byina ntirho wotala swinene hikuva tirhubeyila tifanele kuva tikhiwa hinkarhi wun’we. Vuhumelerisi kahle kahle abyi kona, laha mphakelo wotala lowu vonakaka e mavhengeleni wuvaka wuhuma ematikweni mambe kumbe wuhuma eka misinya yintsongo leyingavaka yaha sele eka mapurasi yale kusuhi.
Rin’we ra mapurasi lawa yanga sala ya sericulture laha tikweni rikumeka e Limpopo kusuhi nale Hoedspruit. Purasi leri ariri na kwalomu ka 6 ha ta vuhumelerisi hi 2019, kambe hinkwayo misinya leyi yitshamela ku tsemetiwa kufana na risimu leringe “Here We Go Round The Mulberry Bush” ku olovisa vulawuri na ntshovelo. Misinya leyi yihumelerisa ntsena nhlayo yintsongo swinene ya mihandzu leyintsanana. Matluka aya tirhisiwi ntsena tani hi swakudya swati silkworms kambe naku phamela tinguluve.
Tani hilaha ku hlamuseriweke hi n’winyi wa Africa Silk, Ronel Swart, akuseva na misinya yintshwa leyi byariweke kusukela loko purasi ritava ri sunguriwe hi 1994 hikokwalaho ka xiyimo xa misinya xaku nghenelela.
Nguva Ya Vuhumelerisi
Tirhubeyila i mihandzu ya ximumu, laha mihandzu yi vupfaka loko ku hela ximun’wana.
Tinxaka Nxaka
Kuna tinxaka nxaka tokarhi leti kumekaka. Muxaka lowukulu lowu humelerisiwaka e Africa Silk iwa Noi na Thai Sang, leyinga tisiwa kusuka e Thailand kambe wutlhela wubyariwa e Taiwan. Xakahle hi tinxaka leti hileswaku ati humelerisi mabilomu na mihandzu yotala se leswi aswivi na khombo eka flora yale kusuhi.
Kutlhela ku humelerisiwa muxaka wa Waterkloof, lowunga tirhisiwaka kuhumelerisa mihandzu kambe wunga humesa ntsena mihandzu leyintsongo hikuva misinya leyi ya tsemetiwa kupfuneta kukula ka matluka kambe kungari muhandzu wa kona.
Vuxavisi
Kuna tirhubeyile tintsongo swinene leti xavisiwaka laha Afrika Dzonga, laha xitoko xotala xi xaviseriwaka matiko mambe kumbe kutshoveriwa kusuka eka misinya leyinga rimiwangiki ximfumo.
Switirhisiwa
Tirhubeyila i swakudya swakahle, swifuwile hiti vitamin, ti mineral, fibre, ti anti-inflammatories nati antioxidants. Tinga dyiwa taha tsakama, titirhisiwa eka swilo swobaka, tigwitsirisiwa kumbe titirhisiwa eka ti desserts, juzi, tiya, yoghurt na jamu. Silk protein yitlhela yitirhisiwa eka swati pharmaceutical, prosthetics nati cosmetic.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni