Tindlela tekulima letentiwe ngendlela levunyiwe tisebentisa tintfo tekufakela letifana nemakhemikhali labulala tilwanyana, manyolo nemitsi, lokuvundzisa phindze kukhuphukise letintfo letidzingeka ekuchubekiseni kukhicitwa kwekudla kwentela insha yakusasa.
Kugucula kusuka endleleni yekulima leyentiwe ngendlela levunyiwe kwentela kugcina kulima, balimi bangatsatsa noma nguyiphi indlela yekugcina tekulima letivelako. Ngentasi yinchazelo lemfisha yendlela yekulima.
Kulima Ngekungafaki eMakhemikhali
Inhlangano yemhlaba, International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) – Licembu lemave lamaningi lahlangene leKunyakata Kwekulima ngaphandle Kwemakhemikhali, sicalelo sekulima ngaphandle kwemakhemikhali ngetindlela letine – leto tekuphila, kulingana, kunakekela kanye nekufundvwa kwetilwane netitjalo letiphilako. Kulima ngaphandle kwemakhemikhali kutsembele kunchubo yekufundvwa kwetilwane netitjalo letiphilako, ingucuko yemhlaba kanye nemijikelo yendalo letsatselwe kusimo sendzawo, kunekutsi kusetjentiswe emakhemikhali ekufakela lafana nekwekubulala tilwane, kukhula kwetintfo leticinisa umtimba kanye netifotonkhe. Kufakwa kwekulima kwetintfo letite emakhemikhali kufaka ekhatsi kuguculwa kwenhlanyelo, kuhlanyelwa kwetitjalo letivalwako kanye nekugcugcutela indalo kanye nekucondzisa budlelwane-betilwane.Tintfo tendalo letakhiwe tinesitifiketi lesisemtsetfweni.
Yini iAgroecology?
Lelitemu lelitsi ‘agro-ecologia’ lisukela ku Latin America bese lichaza loko lokubitwa ngumhlabawonkhe ‘organic agriculture-kulima ngaphandle kwemakhemikhali’. iAgroecology icashwe kabili ngekutsi kuyanciphisa nendlela yekutsatsela kwentela lushintjo lwesimo selitulu. Liningi lebantfu babona iagroecology njengentfo yekufundza ngemaciniso emphilo nekutiphatsa kwebantfu kanye nendzawo yelucwalingo ngemuva kwetindlela letinye tekugcina tekulima, lokwengetetelwa tekulima ngaphandle kwemakhemikhali njengentfo lengiyo yaloku.Yini Kulinywa Kwetintfo Letinemandla Nemfutfo?
Kufundvwa ngetekulima lokunemandla nemfutfo kushiwo ngalomsebenti wabo sosayensi bema Austrian kanye nemfundzi wemaciniso emphilo Dokotela Rudolf Steiner. Kuvelela kwakhe ekulimeni kwakhombisa tindlela tekukhululeka kanye nebudlelwane bemhlabatsi, tilwane, titjalo kanye nebantfu kwentela kwakha kuphila lokute emakhemikhali.Lokufundvwa kwekuphila ngeliciniso nekutiphatsa kwebantfu kubona lomhlaba kanye nelipulazi njengentfo lephilako lephindze ivete kufundvwa kwetintfo letiphilako netitjalo temhlaba wonkhe. Tintfo leticinile te biodynamic – tintfo letinemandla nemfutfo kulima ngulamabhilidi kanye nekunakekelwa kwemfundvoyengucuko kanye nemhlabatsi lophilako. Balimi be biodynamic eNingizimu Afrika kumele batsatse sitifiketi salokute emakhemikhali kucala bese babhala sicelo sesitifiketi se biodynamic ngeDemeter.
Yini Kulima Kwekugcina Tintfo Tendalo?
Kulima ngekugcina tintfo tendalo yindlela-yekonga kuvelela kwekulima nekubuka tindlela letintsatfu. Kwekucala kuphatamiseka kwemhlaba lomncane, cishe 30% wemhlaba lote emakhemikhali lovalekile kanye nekusungula ingucuko yemacembu ngendlela yekuguculwa kwenhlanyelo (tinhlanyelo temnyaka) noma kuhlanyela ngekucitsa sikhatsi (titjalo letiphila iminyaka leminingi). Lomnyakato wacala eNyakatfo neNingizimu yase America, eNew Zealand nase Australia kusuka lapho wasakateka mhlabawonkhe kufaka ekhatsi iAfrika.Kulima kwe Fair Trade
Lo mnyakato we ‘Fair Trade’ wacala ngemnyaka wa 1970 ngebalimi belikhofi eMexico. Le ‘Fair Trade’ yekutsengisa iciniseka kutsi tindlela tekutsengisa letikahle kanye nekuniketa emanani lakahle esikalli-lesincane salokukhicitiwe.Ngemalungiselelo, ‘iFair Trade’ bakhiciti batsengisa imikhicito yabo lechaziwe ekucaleni kanye nemanani lakahle kanye nekutfola linani lelengetiwe lelikhokhelwa kumshwalensi. Lelinani lelengetiwe libhadalwa kulelicembu lebakhiciti futsi lingasetjentiselwa kukhula kwemmango.
Imikhicito lebhalwe ngale mbeje ye ‘Trade Fair’ kuchaza kutsi bakhiciti kanye nebatsengisi bobabili bafike kulelizinga le ‘Trade Fair’.
Uchazani Permaculture?
Lelitemu kanye nekufundvwa kwemaciniso emphilo nekutiphatsa ‘permaculture’ lasungulwa ngemnyaka wa 1970 bafundzi bemhlaba lababili base Australia. iPermaculture ichaza ngendlela yekulima lehlolisisiwe lelingisa indalo, lapho khona tinchubo tonkhe tivumelana. ‘Emahlatsini alikho likhula, kufutfwa kwetilwanyana, kuguculwa kwemhlaba kanye nekuhlanyela, yebo inakekela ngekunika kudla kukokonkhe lokuhlala noma lokuphila lapho.’Lamachinga epermaculture kunakekelwa kwemhlaba, kunakekelwa kwebantfu kanye nekuhlephulelana kwe – mikhicito, lwati netintfo. iPermaculture isebentisa tindlela letitsite kusuka kutekulima lokute emakhemikhali, kugcinwa kwemahlatsi, kulungiselwa nekugadvwa kwetingadze kanye nendlela yekunakekelwa kwebantfu bandalo.
Translated by Phindile Malotana