Zelimo ezizinzileko kukhiqizwa kwentjalo kanye nefuyo zikhambisane kuhle nemvelo ukwenzela bona zonge iinsetjenziswa zemvelo. Ngokwemibandela yokuphelela kweemfanelo ezifunekako, amasitimu wokulima anzinzileko athola ibhoduluko elinepilo, inzuzo kanye nezehlalakuhle ezilungileko.
I-conventional farming system isebenzisa izinto ezifana nentjhabalalisi ezimakhemikhali, iimvundisi kanye nenhlanhla, ezisilaphaza bezone nensetjenziswa ezitlhogeka ukurageleni phambili kokukhiqizwa kokudla kukhiqizelwa isizukulwane sakusasa. Hlangana nesetjenziswezi kubalwa amanzi afretjhi, ihlabathi enepilo, umoya ohlwengekileko kanye ne-biodervisiy iintjalo ezimihlobohlobo kanye nenlwane ezisebenza zoke ukwenza ibhoduluko elinepilo.
Ukutjhuguluka kusukwa ku-conventional farming kuyiwa kwezolimo ezizinzileko, abalimi bangathatha nanoma ngiziphi iindlela zezolimo ezizinzileko. Ngaphasi kutlolwe itlhatlhuluko efitjhani yendlela zokulima ezizinzileko.
Ukulima Ngaphandle Kwamakhemikhali
Ihlangano yephasi, i-International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), elima ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali inzinze intweni ezine – zepilo, ezilungileko, ezitlhogomelwako, kanye ne-ecology. Ukulima ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali kujame eendleleni ze-ecology, biodervisity kanye nezebhoduluko eziya ngobujamo bendawo, kunokusebenzisa amakhemikhali afana nentjhabalalisi, kanye nama-hormone akhulisako nama-antibiotics. Lokha nakulinywa ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali kudlheganiswa iintjalo, iintjalo ezivala ihlabathi kanye nokugcugcuzela ubuhlobo bemvelo obunzinzileko bentjalo. Ukulima ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali kunesitifikeyidi esisemthethweni.
Yini i-Agroecology?
Ibizo i-agroecology libizo lesi-Latin American begodu liqhaza into le iphasi loke elikubiza bona kulima ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali. Agroecology isetjenziswa ngeskhathi sobujamo bezulu obutjhugulukako. Abantu abanengi basebenzisa i-agroecology ebubulweni lerhubhululo, bayisebenzisa nezinye iindlela zokulima ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali.
Yini Zolimo ze-Biodynamic?
Zolimi ze-Biodynamic zibuya emsebenzini wezeSayensi ze-Australia kanye ne-philospher uDorhodere u-Dr Rudolf Steiner. Indlela zakhe zokulima ziqabanga iindlela kanye nobusika zehlabathi, iinlwane, iintjalo kanye nabantu ukwenza iinlwane eziphilako. I-philosophy ezitjengisa i-ecology yephasi loke. Ukulima nge-biodynamic kukukwakha kanye nokutlhogonyelwa i-biodiversity kanye nehlabathi ephilako. Abalimi abalima nge-biodynamic eSewula Africa kufanele bathole istifikeyidi kokuthoma bese ba aplayela istifikeyidi saso nge-demeter.
Yini Ukulima Ngokutlhogomela?
I-Conservation farming zindlela zezolimo ezongako begodu itjheje izinto ezintathu. Yokuthoma kukobana nakulinywako ihlabathi ingaphazanyiswa ngemitjhini ungasetjenziswa, kungasetjenziswa okunggasenani i-30% yehlabathi enganamakhemikhali begodu kutjalwe iintjalo ezahlukahlukeneko nanyana iintjalo ezikhamba ngambili. Ihlelweli lathoma e-America esePumalanga nesetjingalanga, e-New Zealand kanye ne-Australia begodu sele isababalale nephasi loko ekubalwa ne-Africa.
Akulima nge-Fair Trade
I- ‘Fair Trade’ movement ithome ngeminyaka yabo-1970 ithonywa balimi bekofi be-Mexico. Ijima le-‘Fair Trade’ liqiniseka kobana abarhwebi barhweba ngokuthembekileko nangendlela ezilungileko eziqinesikisa kobana bathola amanani ancono bawatholela abakhiqizi benarha ezincani.
Abakhiqizi be- ‘Fair Trade’ bathengisa imikhiqizo yabo njengenani elinegaranthi begodu bathola i-premium engezelelweko enanineli. I-premium le ibhadalwa esiqhemeni sabakhiqizi begodu ingasetjenziswa ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi.
Imikhiqizo efakwe ileyibuli ye-‘Fair Trade’ lujho bona abakhiqizi kanye nabarhwebi bakhambelana ne-standard ze-‘Fair Trade’.
Itjho Ukuthini i-Permaculture?
Ibizo kanye ne-philosophy ye permaculture’ yatlanywa ngonyaka ka-1970, itlanywa bilologist we-Australia. I-Permaculture itjho iindlela zokulima ezihlanganyelweko ezilungisela imvelo, ezisebenzisanako. Ehlathini alikho ikhula, ukuspreyiwa kwenunwana, akupetwa, kodwana liyarhona ihlathi ukondla zoke iinlwane ezihlala kilo.
Iindlela ze-permaculture ngezitjheja iphasi, zitlhogomele abantu begodu zabelana ngemikhiqizo kanye nelwazi lensetjenziswa. I-Permaculture isebenzisa iindlela zokulima ngaphandle kwamkhemikhali, zehlathi ezinzinzilekokanye nokutlhogonyelwa kwensetjenziswa zabantu bendabuko.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana