Iindlela zolimo nofuyo zale mihla zisebenzisa izinto ezingeyo ndalo ezifana neekhemikhali zokubulala izonakaliso, izichumiso kunye namayeza, nto leyo iye ibangele ukungcola nokonakala kwezinto zendalo ezidingekayo ukuze kuphinde kuveliswe ukutya okuza kuphilisa izizukulwana ezilandelayo. Ezi zinto ziquka amanzi acocekileyo, umhlaba osempilweni kunye nomoya ococekileyo, kwakunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo zezityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezisebenzisanayo ukuphucula umhlaba.
Amafama angatshintsha kwindlela alima nafuya ngayo kule mihla ngokuthi asebenzise iindlela ezingaphazamisani ne ndalo. Ngezantsi kukho inkcazelo emfutshane mayelana neendlela zolimo nofuyo olu ngaphazamisani nendalo.
Ulimo Nofuyo Ngokwendalo
Umbutho wehlabathi jikelele, International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), usekela ulimo nofuyo ngokwendalo (organic farming) kwimithetho emine-eyempilo,ukwenziwa kwezinto ngendlela, inkathalo kunye nokukhathalela indalo. Ulimo nofuyo ngookwendalo kuxhomekeka kwimozulu, imihlaba kunye neemeko zendalo ngokwengingqi leyo. Akusetyenziswa zikhemikhali ezifana nezibulali zonakalisi, iihomoni zokukhulisa izilwanyana kunye nee antibhayotiki. Ulimo lwendalo luxhomekeke ekutshintshwa tshintshweni kwezityalo ezityalwayo kumhlaba omnye, ukutyalwa kwezityalo zokusitha (cover crops) kwakunye nokukhuthaza ubudlelwane phakathi kwe zonakalisi kunye nezityalo, ukuze ulimo lube yimpumelelo. Iimveliso ezi organic zibanesiqinisekiso esi sesikweni.Yintoni I-Agroecology?
Igama elithi ‘agro-ecologia’ lasukela eLatin America kwaye libhekisele kwinto ebizwa nge ‘organic agriculture’ (ulimo nofuyo ngokwendalo) kumanye amazwe ehlabathi. I-agroecology isetyenziswa njenge qhinga lokuphelisa kwanokumelana noguqu guquko lwemozulu. Abantu abaninzi babona i-agroecology njenge philosophy nophando olwenze ulimo olungalimazi indalo noluhambelana nolimo nofuyo ngokwendalo kungasetyenziswa machiza nakhemikhali.Yintoni Ulimo noFuyo lwe Biodynamic?
Ulimo nofuyo lwe biodynamic lusekelwe kumsebenzi wososayensi ne philosopher yase Australia egama lingu Dr Rudolf Steiner. Indlela awayelubona ngayo ulimo nofuyo lwaludibanisa izinto ezisebenzisanayo ezifana nomhlaba, izilwanyana, izityalo kunye nabantu.Lo mbono ubona umhlaba kunye nolimo njengento ephilayo nebonisa i-ecology ye universe yonke iphelele. Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo kulimo nofuyo lwe biodynamic kukwakha nokulondoloza ibiodiversity kunye nomhlaba ophilayo. Amafama ebiodynamic eMzantsi Afrika kufuneka aqale afumane isatifiketi solimo olu organic kuqala aze andule ukubhalisela ese biodynamic, esebenzisa iDemeter.
Yintoni Ulimo Nofuyo Olulondoloza Indalo?
Ulimo no fuyo olu londoloza indalo yindlela yokonga, kwaye ijolise kwimithetho emithathu. Owokuqala kukungachukumisi umhlaba kakhulu, kufanele kugalelwe malunga nama 30% womgquba wendalo kwanokutshintsha izityalo (izityalo ezikhula kanye ngonyaka). Kusenokudityaniswa nezityalo ezahlukeneyo kwisiza esinye (izityalo ezikhula unyaka wonke). Le ntshukumo yaqala eMntla nase Mzantsi Melika, New Zealand kunye nase Australia. Sele inwenwele kulo lonke ihlabathi kuquka nelizwekazi le Afrika.Ulimo no Fuyo lwe Fair Trade
Intshukumo ye ‘Fair Trade’ yaqalwa ngama fama ekofu kwilizwe lase Mexico ngeminyaka yoo Inkqubo yoshishino lwe ‘Fair Trade’ iqinisekisa iimeko ezilungileyo zentengiso ikwaqinisekisa amaxabiso angcono kuba velisi abasakhasayo.Le nkqubo ihamba ngolu hlobo: abavelisi be ‘Fair Trade’ bathengisa iimveliso zabo ngamaxabiso aqanjwe kwangaphambili naqinisekisiweyo baze bafumane nemali eyongezelelweyo. Le mali yongezelelweyo ihlawulwa kwiqela labavelisi kwaye ingasetyenziswa ukuphucula ingingqi zoluntu.
Iimveliso eziphawulwe nge logo ethi ‘Fair Trade’ zithetha ukuba abavelisi nabathengisi bayipasie imigangatho ‘Fair Trade’.
Ithetha Ukuthini iPermaculture?
Igama elithi ‘permaculture’ lathiywa zii biologist ezimbini zelizwe lase Australia ngomnyaka ka 1970. Ipermaculture ibhekisele kwindleo zolimo ezenziwa ngoku kwendlala, nalapho zonke izinto zihamba ngendlela. ‘Ehlathini akususwa khula, kutshizwe izinambuzane, akuhlakulwa, kodwa zonke ezi ziyakwazi ukutya zihlale khona.’Ipermaculture ikhuthaza ukukhathalelwa komhlaba, kwabantu, kunye nokwabelana-ngemveliso, ngolwazi kunye nezinye izinto.
Ipermaculture isebenzisa ubuchule bolimo lwendalo, ukongiwa kwamahlathi, kunye nolawulo ngendlela lwendawo obabusetyenziswa ngabantu bemveli.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana