Izinqubo zokulima ezivamile zisebenzisa izimpendulo zangaphandle ezifana nezibulala-mshini zamakhemikhali, umanyolo nemithi, engcolisa futhi ihlaziye imithombo edingekayo ukuze iqhubeke nokukhiqiza ukudla kwezizukulwane ezizayo. Lezi zinsiza zihlanganisa amanzi ahlanzekile, inhlabathi enempilo, umoya ohlanzekile kanye nokuhlukahluka kwemvelo - izitshalo nezilwane ezihlukahlukene ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze zenze imvelo enempilo.
Ukuguqula kusuka emasimini kuya ekulimeni okusimeme, abalimi bangayamukela noma yiziphi izindlela ezahlukene zokulima kwezolimo. Ngezansi incazelo emfushane yezinhlelo zokulima eziqhubekayo.
Ukulimai Ngokwemvelo
Inhlangano yomhlaba jikelele, i-International Federation ye-Organic Agriculture Movements (i-IFOAM), isisekelo sokulima okuyimvelo emigomeni emine - yezempilo, ukungabi nabulungisa, ukunakekelwa kanye nokuphila kwemvelo. Ukulima okungokwemvelo kuncike ezinkambweni zemvelo, ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kanye nemijikelezo yemvelo ehambisana nezimo zendawo, kunokusebenzisa izimboni zamakhemikhali, i-hormone yokukhula kanye nama-antibiotic. Izicelo eziwusizo zokulima eziphilayo zihlanganisa ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, ukutshala izitshalo zokumboza nokugqugquzela ubudlelwane bemvelo nokulinganisela.Imikhiqizo ye-Organic ine-certification esemthethweni.
Iyini i-Agroecology?
Igama elithi 'agro-ecologia' livela eLatin America futhi libhekisela kulokho okunye umhlaba okubiza ngokuthi 'ezolimo eziphilayo'. I-agroecology isebenza njengendlela yokunciphisa kanye nokujwayela ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Abantu abaningi babheka i-agroecology njengefilosofi kanye nensimu yokucwaninga ngemuva kokulima okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo, okuhambisana nokulima okuphilayo njengento ebalulekile yalokhu.Kuyini i-Biodynamic Agriculture?
Ukulima kwe-biodynamic kusekelwe emsebenzini wezesayensi wase-Austrian kanye nefilosofi uDkt Rudolf Steiner. Indlela yakhe yokulima yayihlolisisa izici kanye nobuhlobo bomhlabathi, izilwane, izitshalo kanye nabantu ukuze babe nomzimba ophilayo.Lefilosofi ibona umhlaba kanye nepulazi njengemvelo ephilayo ekhombisa nokuphila kwendawo yonke. Imiqondo esemqoka yokulima kwe-biodynamic yikwakhiwa nokugcinwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nenhlabathi ephilayo. Abalimi be-Biodynamic eNingizimu Afrika kumele bathole isitifiketi semvelo kuqala bese befaka isitifiketi se-biodynamic ngeDemeter.
Kuyini Ukulima Ngokulondolozwa?
Ukulima ngokulondolozwa kwemvelo kuyindlela yokulondoloza imithombo yokulima futhi igxila ezimisweni ezintathu. Iyokuqala iyinkimbinkimbi encane yomhlabathi, okungenani ibe ngu-30% isembozo somhlabathi ophilayo kanye nokudala izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane ngokusebenzisa ukujikeleza kwezitshalo (izitshalo zonyaka) noma ukutshala umngane (izitshalo ezingapheli). Le nhlangano yaqala eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, eNew Zealand nase-Australia futhi isakaze emhlabeni jikelele kubandakanya i-Afrika.Ukulima Fair Trade Farming
Inhlangano ethi 'Fair Trade' yaqala ngonyaka wama-1970 nebalimi bekhofi eMexico. Isinyathelo sokuhweba esithi 'Fair Trade' siqinisekisa izimo zokuhweba ezifanele futhi kuqinisekiswe amanani angcono kubakhiqizi abancane.Ngokwenzayo, abalimi 'Fair Trade' bathengisa imikhiqizo yabo ngezintengo ezichazwe futhi eziqinisekisiwe futhi bathola i-premium eyengeziwe ngentengo. Le premium ikhokhwa eqenjini labakhiqizi futhi lingasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi.
Imikhiqizo ebhalwe nge logo ethi 'Fair Trade' ichaza ukuthi abakhiqizi nabahwebi bobabili bahlangabezane namazinga 'Fair Trade'.
Iyini i-Permaculture?
I- 'permaculture' yasungulwa ngawo-1970 ngama-biologists amabili ase-Australia. I-Permaculture ibhekisela ohlelweni oludidiyelwe lwezolimo olulinganisa isimo, lapho zonke izinqubo zivumelana. 'Ehlathini akukho ukusilahla, ukuchithwa kwezimbungulu, ukulima nokulima, kodwa kuyakwazi ukuphakela konke okuhlala khona'.Ukuziphatha kwe-permaculture kunakekela umhlaba, ukunakekelwa kwabantu nokuhlanganyela-kwemikhiqizo, ulwazi kanye nezinsiza. I-Permaculture isebenzisa amasu avela kwezolimo eziphilayo, amahlathi azinzile, ukulima kanye nezinhlelo zokuphathwa kwemithombo yabantu bomdabu.Translated by Nsika Khoza