Kwasetjentiswa tinkhulungwane teminyaka ekufuyeni lokukhokha kudla lokwenele, itilapia ikhule yaba nguyinye yaletilishumi-letisetulu timfishi letitsandvwako letikhicitwa eUSA. Mhlabawonkhe, itillapia nguyesibili ledliwa kakhulu imfishi yekufuywa ngemuva kwemacembu etimfishi letinkhulu letihlala emifuleni nasetinkelebheni kantsi nalomkhicito wetilapia seyikhule yengca lemfishi wemushi wenkosazana, noma ingatsengisi ngelinani lelilinganga nalelo lemfishi yemushi wenkosazana.
Labakhiciti labangibo betilapia emhlabeni yiChina, lena 30% wemkhicito wemhlaba, Egypt, Thailand, emaPhilippines ne Indonesia.
Kufunwa kwe Tilapia eNingizimu Afrika
Umbhalo welucwalingo we Urban-Econ we Industrial Development Corporation of SA (IDC - Nhlangano Yekusebentela yase Ningizimu Afrika) ekhonweni lwemkhicito, kwakhiwa kanye nekuhanjiswa kwe tilapia kumakethe yeNingizimu Afrika ngemnyaka wa 2015 kukhomba kutsi kufunwa kwe tilapia eNingizimu Afrika kwafika kumathani laYinkhulungwana neMakhulu laSihlanu. Kuloku kwaba ngemathani lalikhulu neMashumi laSiphohlongo neSikhombisa aletfwa bakhiciti be tilapia base Ningizimu Afrika.Batsengi balokutsengiswako, lobekufaka kutsengiswa kwalokubonakalako, kukhulunyiselwa umbhalo lowaveta kutsi ematilapia lakhicitwa bekatsandvwa ngetulu kwematilapia emaChinese labekashiphile ngenca yelizinga leliphansi lwalokwaletfwa. Ngekwengeta, batsengi beva ungatsi itilapia beyingangena esikhaleni se hake, lekusho kutsi umkhicito sowehlile cishe nga 50%. Ngakoke, kufunwa kunelitfuba lwekusekela sikali-lesikhulu setilapia yasendzaweni lekhicitwa eNingizimu Afrika.
Ngumaphi Lamacembu eTilapia eTimfishi teKufuywa?
Kulamacembu lamashumi lasikhombisa etilapia emhlabeni, Oreochromis mossambicus (blue kurper noma itilapia yase Mozambique), iOreochromis niloticus (itilapia yase Nile) ne Oreochromis aureus (itilapia leluhlata sasibhakabhaka) nguwona macembu lamatsatfu langiwo lasetjentiswa ekufuyweni kwe tilapia mhlabawonkhe. Labanye bafuyi baphindze basebentise iO. andersoni ekubambeni kunakekelwa kwemhlaba nendzawo ngasendzaweni lengetulu kwe Mfula we Zambezi. Labanye basebentisa iO. macrochir eNyakatfompuna lese Zambia ngesizatfu lesifanako.iTilapia yase Nile kanye ne tilapia yase Nile lephuculiwe, ngekuya kwekutama kakhulu kuTipho, kusetjentiswa kakhulu ngetulu kwa 80% webafuyi betilapia. Ngu 4% wetilapia lekhicitiwe lene tilapia yaseMozambique, kutincenye te USA leyetfulwa iminyaka leyendlulile.
Nakubuyelwa emuva ku 1983, R.S.V. Pullin kumbhalo wakhe ‘Kukhetfwa kwemacembu etilapia kwentela iaquaculture’ kubonwe kutsi lucwalingo kumele lubuke itilapia yase Nile kanye netilapia leluhlata sasibhakabhaka, hhayi itilapia yase Mozambique ngenca yekukhula kway kancane.
eNingizimu Afrika, kute kushoda kwetintfo letinhle, kusebenta-lokusetulu kwemacembu, kutfutfukiswa kwekusetjentiswa kakhulu kwe tilapia yaseNile, letfolakala kusuka ekunakekelweni kwangasense.
Kuyecwayiswa kutsi kunaka kumele kunikwe sitokolesincane lesikahle se O. mossambicus noma kusebentisa konkhe-lokuncanengangetingalo kwesilisa kusuka ekuchoboseleni lokuphindzekako. Lizinga leliphansi, sitoko lesingatiwa semimoya, kumele kunganakwa.
iTilapia Iyilungele Njani iAquaculture?
iTilapia inalokunongotelako, kuvela lokusemkhatsini nalokucinile, nekuvela lokuncane.iTilapia inetintfo letikahle ngelizinga lelilungele iaquaculture. Loku kufaka:
Kukhula lokusetulu kwelinani. Kushiyane ngalamacembu, itilapia ingakhula ibe ngema g laMakhulu laMane neMashumi laSihlanu etinyangeni letisiphohlongo.
Kuvutfwa. Kushiyana ngeminyaka yato, letinsikati tingakhokha loku Makhulu laSihlanu kuya kuNkhulungwane yemacandza.
Ingaphila esikhatsini lesimfisha semanti laphansi ngelizinga kanye nekushisa kwelilanga.
Ingasebentisa emanutrients etilwane kanye netitjalo kuze ikhule.
Inyama ye tilapia imhlophe, yelizinga lelihle futsi itsatseke kahle kumakethe yekutsengisa.
Inekuvela lokuningi lokwehlukile kanye nekucina futsi ingasetjentiswa ekungeteni sigaba-semkhicito.Translated by Phindile Malotana