U Fuwa Tilapia Afrika Tshipembe
Uya nga vha South Africa’s Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries’ Aquaculture Yearbook lushaka luhulwane lwa zwiliwa lune lwa vha hone Afrika Tshipembe nga 2015 ho vha hu dzi marine mussels (1 758 tons), nge dza dzhenelela kha u bveledzwa hunzhi ha kona u tevhela rainbow trout (1497 tons), abalone (1479 tons), tilapia (325 tons), oysters (277 tons) na marron crayfish (4 tons).
Zwine zwo shumiswa lwa minwaha ya zwigidi, yo no hula lune yo no vha inwe ya dzine dza vha kha dza fumi dza khwinesa kha zwi bveledzwa zwa khovhe USA. U mona na lifhasi ndi yone ya vhuvhili ine ya vha uri iya shumiswa vhukuma, u hula ha tilapia ho no hula u fhira na ha trout.
Fhethu hune ha vha huhulwane hune ha bveledziwa Tilapia ndi China, hune iya swika 30%, Egypt, Thailand, the Philippines na Indonesia.
U Todea ha Tilapia Afrika Tshipembe
Dzi thoduluso dzo itwaho nga vha Urban-Econ vha tshi khou iteala Industrial Development Corporation of SA (IDC) kha mbuyelo ya u kona u bveledza, na u vhea na u bviswa hayo Afrika Tshipembe nga 2015 dzi sumbedza uri u todea ha Tilapia Afrika Tshipembe ho vha hu tshi khou swika kha 1 500 tons. Kha hezwi 187 tons yo vha i tshi khu bveledzwa nga vha vhabveledzi vha Afrika Tshipembe.
Vha rengi vha zwa mbuyelo, zwine zwa vha zwokatela na mavhengele ane avha uri aya divhea, vho swika he vha do ambiwa navho nga ha dzi mvelelo. Hu tshi khou ambiwa uri Tilapia ine ya vha ya hayani ndi yone ine ya vha i tshi khou funiwa u fhira ine ya vha ya mutengo wa fhasi ya machina, ine ya swika yo tshinyala nga mulandu wa u endedziwa. U tshi nga engedza, vha rengi vha vhona uri tilapia inga vala tshikhala tsha tilapia, hune vhabveledzi vha ya kona u hana ine ya swika 50%. Zwino vhabeveledzi vha hayani vha fanela u tikedza hei khulwane ya tilapia kha u bveledzwa hayo Afrika Tshipembe.
Ndi dzi Fhio Tshaka dzaTilapia dzine dza vha uri dzo Lugela uri dzi nga Fuwiwa
Kha dza tshaka dza 70 dzine dza vha kha lifhasi Oreochromis mossambicus (blue kurper kana Mozambican tilapia), Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) na Oreochromis aureus (blue tilapia) ndi dzone tharu dzine dza vha uri dzo dala kha lifhasi. Vhanwe vhafuwi vha ya fuwa na O. andersoni vha tshi khou fara dzine dza vha dzi tshi khou todea kha mulambo wa Zambezi. Vhanwe vha shumisa O. macrochir North east Zambia nga mbuno nnthihi.
Nile tilapia na u khwiniswa ha mbebo, zwo ditika nga GIFT strains, dzi shumisa zwine zwa swika 80% nga vhafuwi vhane vha fuwa Tilapia. Dzine dza swika 4% dza tilapia dzo tangana na Mozambican tilapia, kha zwipida zwa USA hune yo diswa kha miwaha ya murahu.
U bva murahu hangei nga vho1983 R.S.V. Pullin kha zwe vha do amba ‘Choice of tilapia species for aquaculture’ zwi ya tutuwedza uri dzi thoduluso dzi fanela u sedzana na Nile tilapia na blue tilapia, hu si Mozambican tilapia ine ya hula nga zwituku.
Afrika Tshipembe ahuna thahalelo ya dzine dza vha dza vhudi ndi tshaka dzine dza shuma vhukuma dzine dza vha dzi tshi khou bva kha zwiimiswa zwine zwa vha uri zwo diimisa nga zwothe.
Hu ya tsivhudziwa uri u fanela u londa musi u tshi khou toda zwiliwa zwine zwa vha zwinzhi zwa O. mossambicus kana u shumisa vhana vhane vha vha uri ndi vha tshinna, dzine dza vha uri asi dza vhudi dzine dza sa bebe zwavhudi dzine dza vha dzi tshi khou bva kha vhabebi vhane vha vha uri avha divhei, dzi fanela u sa dzhiwa.
Ndi Mini Zwine zwa ita uri Tilapia i Kone u Fuwea?
Dzi na muthetshelo une wa vha uri uya difha dza dovha dza khwatha na u thavha zwituku.
Ina zwithu zwinzhi zwine zwa vha zwavhudi khayo uri i kone u fuwea hu vha ho katelwa na:
Dzi ya hula zwavhudi, zwi tshi khou bva kha lushaka lwa hone, dzi nga hula u swika kha 450 g nga minwedzi ya malo fhedzi.
Dzina pfushi, zwi tshi khou bva kha minwaha, ya tsadzi inga bveledza vhana vhane vha nga swika 500 uya kha 1 000.
Unga shumisa zwimela kana pfushi uri zwi kone u hula.
Nama ya hone ndi tshena ya vha ya maimo a nntha nahone iya funiwa vhukuma mavhengeleni.
Ina mudifho wa vhudi nga maanda, na u farea hune ha vha ha vhudi zwine zwa nga shuma na kha zwithu zwine zwa vha uri zwo engedziwa.
Translated by Khalirendwe Nekhavhambe