Ngokuya nge-South Africa’s Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries’ Aquaculture Yearbook iimfesi eziinengi ezimhlobohlobo ezidliwako ezathengiswa eSewula Afrika ngonyaka ka 2015 bekuma-marine mussels (1 758 yamathani), ekhabe kungizo ezinegi khulu, kulandela ama-rainbow trout (1497 yamathani), abalone (1479 yamathani), tilapia (325 yamathani), oysters (277 yamathani) kunye ne-marron crayfish (4 yamathani).
Ukuthengwa kwe-tilapia kukhule bekwafika ezingeni lapho ebalwa khona njengenye yepahla kezilitjhumi ezithandeka khulu e-USA. Ephasinimazombe, I-tipia isezingeni lesibili emikhiqizwe edliwa khulu ilandela umhlobo weemfesi ze-carp begodu nokukhiqizwa kwayo kunengi ukudlula we-trout, nomakunjalo ayithengiswa ngamanani aphezulu njengewe-trout.
Abakhiqizi abakhulu abakhiqiza i-tilapia ephasini yinarha ye-China, ekhiqiza umkhiqizo ongaba yi 30% yephasi, bese kube yi-Egypt, Thailand, Philippines ne-Indonesia.
Ifuneko Le-tilapia eSewula Africa
Irhubhululo elinziwe yi-Urban-Econ elenzelwe i-Industrial Development Corporation of SA (IDC) ngekghono lokukhiqiza, ukulungiselela ukuthengiswa nokuthengisela iinarha zangaphandle iimfesi ze-tilapia ezibuya emarhwebeni weSewula Afrika ngonyaka ka 2015 liveze bona ifuneko leemfesi ze-tilapia eSewula Africa lisezingeni eliseduze na 1 500 yamathani. Kizo zoke lezi ezingaba yi 187 yamathani zikhiqizwa bakhiqizi be-tilapia beSewula Africa.
Abathengi, okufaka hlangana amavikili adumileko, baveza bona babhederisa i-tilapia ekhiqizwe enarheni yeSewula Africa kunaleyo engabiziko yenarheni ye China ngonobangela wokobana lee ethengwe enarheni ye China ikhwalithi yakhona iphasi lokha nababuzwa imibuzo ukutlola iripoti. Ukungezelela, abathengi babona ngathi i-tilapia ingadliwa esikhundleni se-hake, umkhiqizo wayo osele wehle ngamaphesente angalingana na 50%. Ngalokho, isifuneko se-tilapia enarheni sinekgono lokulekelela isidingo esikhulu somkhiqizo we-tilapia eSewula Africa.
Ngimiphi Imihlobo ye-Tilapia Efuywako?
Emihlobeni eyi 70 ye-tilapia ekhona ephasini, Oreochromis mossambicus (blue kurper nofana Mozambican tilapia), Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) ne Oreochromis aureus (blue tilapia) mihlobo emithathu esetjenziswa ekufuyeni i-tilapia ephasinimazombe. Abanye abafuyi basebenzisa ne-O. andersoni etholakala endaweni ekhongozela amanzi enezinga eliphezulu lokutlhogonyelwa eduze ne-Zambezi River. Abanye basebenzisa i-O. macrochir esetlhagwini yepumalanga ye-Zambia ngesizathu esifanako.
I-talipia ye-Nile nenamasotja afanako kodwana angezelelweko, ngokuya ngomhlobo we-GIFT, asetjenziswa bafuyi abangaphezulu kuka 80%. I-tilapia ekhiqizwa e-Mozambique ilingana ne 4% kwaphela, kwezinye iindwawo e-USA lapho eyathoma ukuthengiswa nofa ukukhiqizwa khona uminyaka eyadlulako.
Kusukela ngo 1983, u-R.S.V. Pullin embikweni wakhe obizwa nge-‘Choice of tilapia species for aquaculture’ uphakamisa bona irhubhululo kufanele liqale khulu i-tilapia ye-Nile ne-blue tilapia, engasimazinga wokukhula kancani we-Mozambican tilapia.
E-Sewula Africa, akunakutlhayela kwamasotja amahle wemetheriyali, imihlobo yeemfesi eziqinileko, zemihlobo ephuqukileko ye-Nile tilapia, ezitholakala eendaweni lapho ekutlhogonyelwa khona abentwana beemfesi ze-tilapia.
Kuyeleliswa bona kufanele kutlhogonyelwe ukuthengwa nofana ukutholakala kweemfesi ezincani ze-O. mossambucus nofana ukusebenzisa iimfesi eziduna ezisesezincani kwaphela ezibuya kuma-hatcheries aziwako. Ikhwalithi ephasi, ukukhulela ngaphakathi kwabezimu abangaziwako, kufanele kubalekelwe.
Kubayini I-Tilapia Ifanele Ukufuywa Emanzini?
I-tilapia inomnambitho osudu kancazana nokuphatheka okuzwakala ngasuthi iyatshutshureka.
I-tilapia inamakwalithi ambalwa ayenza bona ifaneleke njengefuyo yemanzini. Kufaka hlangana:
Izinga lokukhula khulu. Ngokuya ngomhlobo othileko, i-tilapia ingakhula beyifike ku 450 g eenyangeni ezibunane.
Ukunotha, Ngokuya kweminyaka yazo, ezisikazi zingakhiqiza amaqanda angaba yi 500 kuya ku 1000 qobe ukubekela.
Zingaphila isikhatjhana lokha ikhwalithi yamanzi nayiphasi nemazingeni wokutjhina ahlukahlukeneko.
Zingasebenzisa iintjalo nezakhamzimba ezitholakala kwezinye iinlwane ukukhula.
Inyama ye-tilapia imhlophe ngombala, nekhwalithi yayo iphezulu begodu yamukelwe kuhle marhwebo athengisa ukudla.
Inomnambitho owahlukahlukeneko nokubambeka begodu ingasetjenziswa eempahleni ezinamanani angezelelwelweko (value-added).
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana