Ngokubhalwe kwi South Africa’s Department of Agriculture, Foresty and Fisheries Aquaculture Year book, ezona ntlobo zentlanzi ezikukutya ezifunyenwe kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika ngonyaka ka 2015 luhlobo imarine mussels (1758 we toni), ethe yanikeza inkxaso kwimveliso, ilandelwa yi rainbow trout (1497 we toni), i-abalone (1479 we toni), itilapia (325 we toni), oysters (277 we toni) kunye ne marron craysfish (4 ye toni).
Isetyenziswe amawaka eminyaka kwimfuyo encedisa ukuphila koluntu, itilapia ikhule ukuba yenye kwishumi (10) lwentlobo eziphezulu zentlanzi ezithandwayo e-USA. Kwilizwe jikelele, itilapia ikwinqanaba lesibini kwintlanzi ezityiwayo kakhulu emveni kohlobo lentlanzi icarp kwaye imveliso ye tilapia iyayogqitha eye trout, kwaye ayithengiswa ngamaxabiso aphezulu anjenge trout.
Abona bavelisi be tilapia elizweni yi China, evelisa ama 30% wemveliso yelizwe, Egypt, Thailand, Philippines kunye ne Indonesia.
Imfuneko ye Tilapia kwelo Mzantsi Afrika
Inkcazelo yezifundo zophando elenziwe yi Urban-Econ isenzela i-Industrial Development Corporation of SA (IDC) kwintengiso yemveliso, ukwenziwa kunye nentengiso yangaphandle ye tilapia kwintengiso ye Southern Africa ngonyaka ka 2015 ichaze okokuba imfuneko ye tilapia eMzantsi Afrika ibisondele kuma 1 500 we toni. Kuko konke oku zitoni ezingama 187 ezathi zaziswa kwimveliso eMzantsi Afrika.
Abathengi abathengisayo, ekuquka osomashishini abaziwayo, kwathi kwenziwa udliwano ndlebe nabo kwafumaniseka okokuba itilapia eveliswe kweli yiyo ethandwayo kunaleyo yase China ikumaxabiso aphantsi ngenxa yomgangatho ophantsi wentlanzi ethengwe kwamanye amazwe. Ukongeza, abathengi babekholelwa okokuba itilpia ingayithabatha indawo yentlanzi ihake, leyo ke imveliso ithe yehla phantse ngama 50%. Lilonke, imfuneko yeli ingakwazi ukuxhasa imveliso enkulu ye tilapia eMzantsi Afrika.
Zeziphi Intlobo ze Tilapia Ezilungele Ufuyo Lwentlanzi?
Kwintlobo ezingamashumi asixhenxe (70) ze tilapia kumhlaba jikelele, i-Oreochromis mossambicus (blue kurper okanye Mozabican tilapia), I-Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) kunye ne Oreochromis aureus (blue tilapia) zezona ntlobo zintathu ezisetyenziswayo ukufuya intlanzi itilapi kwilizwe jikelele. Ezinye ifama ziye zisebenzise i-O. andersoni kwindawo zamanzi ezixhalabisayo ngokwendalo phezulu komlambo iZambezi River. Abanye basebenzisa i-O. macrochir kumantla-mpuma we Zambia ngesizathu esinye.
I-Nile tilapia kunye ne Nile tilapia eyenziwe ngcono lufuzo yase, ngoko bungakanani bezipho, kusetyenziswa ngapha ko 80% wamafama we tilapia. Kuphela yi 4% yemveliso ye tilapia eyi Mozambican tilapia, kwindawo ezithile ze USA apho yathi yaziswa khona kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.
Ukubuyela umva ukuya kunyaka ka 1983, R.S.V. Pullin kwingxelo yakhe ethi ‘Choice of tilapia species for aquaculture’ uye wacebisa okokuba uphando kufuneka lugxininise kwi Nile tilapia kunye ne Blue tilapia, hayi iMozambican tilapia ngenxa yokukhula kade kwayo.
Kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika, akukho ukungoneli kwentlobo ezinofuzo olulungileyo, intlobo ezenza yonke into ngoku khawuleza, ukwenziwa ngcono kobungakanani kwe Nile tilapia, efumaneka kwindawo zabucala zokugcina iintlanzi.
Kuyacetyiswa okokuba kunikeze ingqwalaselo ekuveliseni uhlobo olu lungileyo lwe O. mossambicus okanye ukusebenzisa zonke iinkunzi zentlanzi ezincinci ezisuka kwindawo zogcino ezikudidi oluphezulu. Umgangatho ophantsi, iintlobo ezizalelwe apha ezingaziwayo umnombo wemvelaphi, kufuneka zingafuywa.
Kutheni I-Tilapia Ikulungele Ukukhuliselwa Imfuyo Yentlanzi Kumanzi Amatsha - Aquaculture?
Intlanzi itilapia inencasa eswiti, nevumba eliphakathi, kunye nemvakalelo eqinileyo, enempuphu.
Lentlanzi ye tilapia inezinto ezininzi ezilungileyo ezilungele ukufuywa kwimfuyo yentlanzi kumanzi amatsha. Ziquka oku:
Ukukhawuleza ukukhula. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwayo, itilapia ingakhula ukuya kuma 450 g kwithuba lenyanga ezisibhozo (8).
Ichumile ngesizalo. Kuxhomekeka ebudaleni bayo, iimazi zingavelisa ukusuka kuma 500 ukuya kuma 1 000 wamaqanda/inzala.
Ziyakwazi ukuphila ixeshana kumanzi angekho mgangathweni kunye namazinga atshintshayo obushushu.
Ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa izityalo kunye nezinongo zezilwanya ukuze zikhule.
Inyama ye tilapia imhlophe, ikudidi oluphezulu kwaye iyathandwa ngabathengi kwivenkile zika wonke-wonke.
Inencasa nemvakalelo esandleni eqhelekileyo kwaye ingasetyenziswa kwimveliso ezithengiswayo.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie