Esetshenziselwa izinkulungwane zeminyaka ekulimeni kokulima, i-tilapia ikhule ibe yinye yemikhiqizo yezinhlanzi eziyizintandokazi eziyi-10 e-USA. Emhlabeni wonke, i-tilapia iyinhlanzi yesibili evame ukuhlwanyelwa emva kwezinhlobo ze-carp kanti ukukhiqizwa kwe-tilapia kuneminye ye-trout, kodwa akuthengisi ngamanani aphezulu afana ne-trout.
Abakhiqizi abakhulu be-tilapia emhlabeni baseChina, abane-30% yomkhiqizo wezwe, i-Egypt, iThailand, iPhilippines ne-Indonesia.
Isidingo seTilapia eNingizimu Afrika
Umbiko wezokucwaninga we-Urban-Econ we-Industrial Development Corporation of SA (i-IDC) ukuze kube nokukhiqizwa, ukusetshenziselwa nokuthunyelwa kwe-tilapia emakethe yaseNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka ka-2015 kubonise ukuthi isidingo se-tilapia eNingizimu Afrika sasiseduze no-1 500 amathani. Kule mathani angu-187 kuphela ahlinzekwa ngabakhiqizi be-tilapia baseNingizimu Afrika.Abathengi bezebhizinisi, ababehlanganisa abathengisi abavelele, abaxoxwa kulo mbiko babonisa ukuthi i-tilapia eyenziwe yendawo yakhethwa ngaphezu kwe-tilapia yaseTshayishi eshibhile ngenxa yezinga elibi lempahla engenayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengi bazizwa sengathi i-tilapia ingayifaka esikhundleni se-hake, okukhiqizwa yi-50%. Ngakho-ke, isidingo sendawo sinamandla okusekela ukukhiqizwa kwe-tilapia yendawo enkulu eNingizimu Afrika.
Yiziphi Izinhlobo zeTilapia zokuLima?
Ezinhlobonhlobo ezingu-70 ze-tilapias emhlabeni, i-Oreochromis mossambicus (i-kurper eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma i-tilapia yase-Mozambique), i-Oreochromis niloticus (i-tilapia yama-Nile) ne-Oreochromis aureus (i-tilapia eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) yizinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa ukulima kwe-tilapia emhlabeni jikelele. Amanye amapulazi nawo asebenzisa i-O. andersoni ezindaweni ezinokukhathazeka okuphezulu kokulondolozwa emfuleni ophezulu weZambezi. Abanye basebenzisa i-O. macrochir enyakatho ye-Zambia ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo.I-tilapia yama-Nile kanye ne-tilepia yama-Nile ethuthukisiwe ngokwezakhi zofuzo, esekelwe emithonjeni ye-GIFT, isetshenziswa abalimi abangaphezu kwama-80% we-tilapia. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-tilapia kuphela okungu-4% kuphela nge-tilapia yaseMozambique, ezingxenyeni zase-USA lapho kwaziswe eminyakeni edlule.
Kusukela ngo-1983, i-R.S.V. Pullin embikweni wakhe 'Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo ze-tilapia for aquaculture' Kunconywa ukuthi ucwaningo kufanele lugxile kwi-tilepia yama-Nile ne-tilapia eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, hhayi i-tilapia yaseMozambique lapho ikhula kancane kancane.
ENingizimu Afrika, akukho ukusweleka kohlobo oluhle lwezinto eziphilayo, izinhlobo eziphezulu zokusebenza, izinhlanzi ezithuthukisiwe ze-tilepia yeNayile, ezitholakala ezikhungweni zangasese.
Kunconywa ukuthi kufanele kunikezwe ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa ama-o.mossambicus ama-broodstock amahle noma ukusebenzisa wonke ama-fingerlings avela kuma-hatcherries ahloniphekile. Ikhwalithi engafanele, isitoreji sangaphakathi sobukhokho obungaziwa, kufanele igwenywe.
Kungani i-Tilapia ifanelwe Kwezolimo?
I-Tilapia ine-flavour enomusa, emnene nokuthungwa okuqinile, okunamandla.I-Tilapia inezimfanelo eziningana ezihle ezifanelekayo emanzini. Lezi zihlanganisa:
Izinga eliphezulu lokukhula. Kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane, i-tilapia ingakhula ibe ngu-450 g ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili.
I-fertile. Ngokuya ngeminyaka yabo, abesifazane bangaveza amaqanda / amaqanda angaba ngu-500 kuya ku-1000.
Ungaphila ezinkathini ezincane zekhwalithi yamanzi empofu kanye nobubanzi obukhulu bokushisa.
Ungasebenzisa izakhi zezitshalo nezilwane ekukhuleni.
I-tilapia inyama imhlophe, yekhwalithi enhle futhi yamukelwe kahle emakethe yokudayisa.
It has ukunambitheka okuhlukahlukene futhi ukuthungwa futhi ingasetshenziswa emikhiqizweni value-added.Translated by Nsika Khoza