Titirhisiwile malembe yotala eka mafuyelo yo hambana hambana, tilapia yikurile kuva yiva yin’wana eka leti ta 10 tale henhla eka swihumelerisiwa swa tihlampfi e USA. Emisaveni hinkwayo, tilapia yile ka xiyimo xavumbirhi eka tinxaka leti talaka kuva tidyiwa eka tihlampfi leti fuyiwaka endzhaku ka muxaka wa carp xikan’we na kuhumelerisiwa ka tilapia loku ku hundzaka ka trout, hambi leswi yinga xaviseki eka mintsengo yale henhla leyi fanaka naya trout.
Vahumelerisi nkulu va tilapia emisaveni hinkwayo i tiko ra China, laha ringana kwalomu ka 30% ya vuhumelerisi bya misava hinkwayo, Egypt, Thailand, Philippines kukatsa na Indonesia.
Ku Laveka ka Tilapia e Afrika Dzonga
Xiviko xa vulavisisi hiva Urban-Econ eka Industrial Development Corporation of SA (IDC) eka vuswikoti byo humelerisa, vilulamisi xikan’we naku xaviseriwa matiko yale handle hi tilapia eka makete wale Dzongeni wa Afrika hi 2015 swikombete leswaku kulaveka ka tilapia e Afrika Dzonga aswiri ekusuhi na 1 500 tons. Eka leswi 187 tons ntsena ati phakeriwa hi vahumelerisi va tilapia va Afrika Dzonga.Vaxavi lava xavisaka, leswi katsaka na lava tsakelaka kuya xavisela vanwana, lava kunga burisaniwa na vona kuya hi xiviko lexi vakombise leswaku tilapia leyi humelerisiweke laha kaya ayi tsakeriwa swinene kutlula leto chipa ta Chinese tilapia hiko kwalaho ka khwalithi yale hansi leyi humaka ehandle. Ku engetela kwalano, vaxavi avatwa onge tilapia yinga teka vundzhawu bya hake, leyi vuhumelerisi bya yona byinga chika hikwalomu ka 50%. Hikokwalaho ka sweswo, swilaveko swa laha kaya swina vuswikoti byaku seketela hilaha kukulu vuhumelerisi bya tilapia bya laha Afrika Dzonga.
Hitihi Tinxaka ta Tilapia eka Vufuwi bya Tihlampfi?
Eka tinxaka hinkwato ta 70 ta tilapia e misaveni hinkwayo, Oreochromis mossambicus (blue kurper kumbe Mozambican tilapia), Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) na Oreochromis aureus (blue tilapia) hitona tinxaka letikulu leti tirhisiwaka eka vufuwi bya tilapia emisaveni hinkwayo. Mapurasi yan’wana yatlhela ya tirhisa O. andersoni laha tikhomeriwaka nhlayiso ehenhla ka nambu wa Zambezi River. Van’wana va tirhisa O. macrochir e Northeast Zambia hi xikongomelo lexi fanaka.Nile tilapia xikan’we naleyi yinga antswisiwa ti genes ya Nile tilapia, kuya hi vuswikoti bya GIFT, titirhisiwa hiku tlula 80 % wa vafuwi va tilapia. Kova ntsena 4% wa vuhumelerisi bya tilapia lebyi kunga Mozambican tilapia, eka swiphemu swa USA laha yinga yisiwa malembe lawa ya hundzeke.
Kutlhelela endzhaku kuya fika ka malembe yava 1983, R.S.V. Pullin eka xiviko xayena ‘Choice of tilapia species for aquaculture’ u ringanyetile leswaku vulavisisi byi fanele kuva byi languta eka Nile tilapia na blue tilapia, kungari Mozambican tilapia leyi yikulaka hiku nonoka swinene.
E-Afrika Dzonga, akuna nkayivelo wa ti gene, tinxaka leti tirhaka kahle swinene, leti antswisiweke ta Nile tilapia, ta kumeka kusuka eka vaxavisi lavangariki va mfumo.
Ku tsundzuxiwa leswaku kufanele ku tlhomiwa tihlo eka kukuma broodstock ya kahle ya O. mossambicus kumbe kutirhisiwa ntsena ti fingerlings ta xinuna ntsena kusuka eka vatlhotlhori lavangana ndhuma. Khwalithi yale hansi, xitoko lexinga tivekeki lomu xitumbulukaka kona xifanele ku papalatiwa.
Hikokwalaho ka yini Tilapia Yilulamerile Aquaculture?
Tilapia ya nyanganya, nantswo woka wungabavi kutani yitiyela, yitlhela yi phemeleleka.Tilapia yina tihkwalithi totala ta kahle letinga lulamela aquaculture. Leti katsaka:
Ku hatlisa ti kula. Kuya hi muxaka, tilapia yinga kula kuya fika eka 450 g hi nhungu wa tinhweti.
Ta tswala. Kuya hi vukhale bya tona, ta xisati tinga tshikela kwalomu ka 500 kuya eka 1 000 wa matandza.
Tinga hanya nkarhi wuntsongo eka mati ya khwalithi yale hansi xikan’we na mahiselo yo hambana hamban.
Yinga tirhisa swimilani na swakudya swa swiharhi kuya yikula.
Nyama ya tilapia iyo basa, ya khwalithi ya kahle naswona yi amukeriwe kahle swinene eka timakete laha yi xavisiwaka.
Yina nantswo na xivumbeko swo hlawuleka naswona yinga tirhisiwa eka switirhisiwa swo endliwa hi tihlampfi.Translated by Ike Ngobeni