iTrekboers yase Richtersveld

Bekubobani ema Trekboers?

©Shem Compion

Bekubobani ema Trekboers? Kahle kahle, ngalokusemtsetfweni, balimi base Europe bonkhe bekumele bahlale endzaweni lemfishane kusuka eFort eKapa, kwentela kutsi Inkampani lenomangukuphi itobagadza. Ekucaleni kwa 1700, nomakunjalo, lesincumo mosi besesengce labo labasiphako kantsi nekungeteka kwemhlaba bekudzinga kutsi kuhlangane nelizinga lekufuna kudla kanye nenyama. Labalimi labamhlophe nabo bavunyelwa kutsi baphume bese bafuna umhlaba lomusha longasetintsabeni.
Loku kwabalitfuba lema Trekboers (kahlekahle, balimi labahambako) futsi nalaba labalukhuni base Europe bacabanga kutsi batsatse lendzawo iKapa yonkhe. Muva, lokutsatfwa kwalomhlaba kwentiwa ngendlela yekunikisa ngemapulazi, lokwavumela balimi kutsi bafune tindzawo letinkhulu ngekushintjisa ngemali lephansi yekubhadala leNkampani. Emalungelo emhlaba wendalo, bekakadze ecinisweni, anganakwa. Ngisho nalabo lebebacishe bahlonishwa labaMavezandlebe baphocelelwa kutsi banikete ngemhlaba ngesikhatsi bafika kubo ngekufuna indzawo ngumlimi lomhlophe.

kukhula Kwalabamhlophe

Ngako, lama trekboers acala kusakateka, kwekucala kwenteka eOverberg levundzile lese mphumalanga kwase kuba yi Waveren lese nyakatfo-mphuma. Noma nje iNamaquland, ngesimo sayo lesomile, ayizange ingeneleka ngalokukhula kwalabamhlophe, lining lema Khoikhoi kany Nemavezandlebe bafucelw ngaphandle kwetindzawo tabo ngulama trekboers base baya enyakatfo. Loku kufaka umfutfo longetiwe kulendzawo kanye nebupolitiki bema Namaqua.
Ngekushesha, baphatsi balama trekboers kanye nema Dutch babese bangenela kukhetsa kanye nekubeka tikhulu tema Khoikhoi, ngisho nekuklomelisa nge copper-yenhloko ‘ tisebenti telihhovisi’ kwentela kutfola kusebentisana nabo kanye nekubamelele ekusebenteni kanyekanye. Loku kwabese kubukela phansi lamasiko ema Khoikhoi ebundlalifa. Kwatsi, nga 1750, ema trekboers ekucala acala kungenela iNamaqualand lapho khona bafuna lipulazi lase vast batifunela bona.

Umcudzelwano weMhlaba

©Shem Compion

Ngekulungiselela, labalimi base Europe bebangakahluki kakhulu kubalimi labatiwako bendalo lebebakadze phambilini basebenta lomhlaba. Ku Namaqualand leyomile, njengekutsi, incumbi yabo bangenela lelisiko le matjieshuise njengoba tindlu tabo bebatikhetsa. Nabo bahamba netilwane tabo, bahamba ngesikhatsi bentela kutfola indzawo lekahle yekudlela. Vele, loku kubafaka kumncitiswano losetulu nebelusi base Namaqua ngekushoda kwetintfo temvelo. Nomakunjalo, balimi base Europe bebakadze banankulunkulu kanye nahulumende esayidini lakabo futsi, nangendlela yabo yangaphesheya yekutfola umhlaba ubengewabo ngekucina endzaweni, bavele batsatsa yonkhe indzawo. Ngendlela, ngeminyaka lelikhulu, lamatrekboers avele abona leNamaqua khashane nebudzala.
Tindzindzi tase Namaqua, emaDvodza asesigangeni, emakhoikhoi kanye nemaVezandlebe nabo bafucelwa khashane nakhashane kuya enyakatfo, lapho batikhandza sebacudzelana bodvwana. Lama transhumance lawake akhomba timphilo tawo abanjwa kwatsi emasiko awo endlela yekuhamba avalwa. Labanye baphelelwa ngemandla base baba tigcila tema trekboers, noma batsatsa umsebenti njengetisebenti kulamapulazi.

Kugcina Indzawo Yabo

Labanye batiphatsa ngekuphepha kwesiteshi semishini noma ngetindzawo tetigcila letafika tabitwa ‘kugcinwa kwendzawo yabo’, lekunakeka kumishini ye Leliefontein eKmaisberg ese Richtersveld (le, kwaze kwaba ngu 1847, beyikadze ingasemagedeni eKapa Koloni). Namuhla, letindzawo temmango timelela 25% we Namaqualand futsi titfwele 40% wesive. Lamanye emacembu abese ayagucuka ase acala kungenela tibaya taletigodzi tabomakhelwane babo. Ecinisweni, wonkhe loMfula we Orange wabese ubalutfo ‘ngenshonalanga lesiganga’ ngalesisikhatsi, ngencumbi yetigebengu letehlukahlukene lebetiyaluka lendzawo, ticala lutfutfuva.
Sinye simo lesingasiko kahle lesiyalukako emcondvweni locokelele nge Namaqualand kwenteka emkhatsini wa 1800, ngesikhatsi somiso lesibi sangenela lendzawo. Lokwabese kwenta, labantfu basetiteshini temishini yase Steinkopt basuse imindeni yabo bese bacondza espring lencane lengu 15 km ngekukhwesha. Kwase, ngalinye Lisontfo ngesikhatsi labadzala basenkonzweni, licembu lemadvodza esiganga langenela le khempu, labulala bantfwana bema Nama lebebamashumi lamatsatfu nakubili. Lendzawo yabhala litje lesikhumbuto lelilula futsi latiwa, kalulua, njenge Kinderlê (lapho balele khona labantfwana).

Translated by Phindile Malotana