Trekboers vale Richtersveld

Xana akuri Vamani ti Trekboers?

©Shem Compion

Xana iva mani ti trekboers ke? Eku sunguleni, van’wamapurasi hinkwavo vo huma e Europe ava boheka ku hanya eka mpfhuka wuntsongo swinene kusuka e Fort e Cape Town, leswaku khamphani leyi ayiri kona yita kota kuva veka tihlo. Eku sunguleni ka malembe yava 1700s, hambi leswi, ndzhawu leyi avatshama eka yona se ayitele naswona kulaveka ndzhawu yo engetelela leswaku yita fikelela swilaveko swa swakudya na nyama. Van’wamapurasi va valungu ava pfumeleriwa kuhuma vaya kuma misava yintshwa etintshaveni.
Leswi akuri kufika ka vanhu lava a va tekeriwa ngopfu enhlokweni va ma Trekboers (hiku komisa, van’wamapurasi lava avari eku fambeni) naswona ma Europeans lawa vayile emahlweni na kuphanga ndzhawu hinkwayo yale Cape. Endzhaku ka nkarhi, mhaka leyi yo phanga misava yi endliwe ximfumo hi maendlelo yaku lombisa mapurasi, leswi aswipfumelela van’wamapurasi ku teka ndzhawu yikulu kutani vayihakelela eka khamphani. Timfanelo ta vanhu vandzhawu liya ta misava atinga langutisiwi. Hambi kuri lava ava hloniphiwa nyana kantsongo vati Bastaards ava boheka ku tshika misava ya vona loko valangutane na xikoxo xohuma eka n’wamampurasi wa mulungu.

Ku Engeteleleka ka Valungu

Loko switetano, ma trekboers vasungule ku hangalaka, vasungula eka misava leyo nona ya Overberg hile vuhuma dyambu kutani vaya nghena eka misava yale Waveren e n’walungu vupela dyambu. Hambi leswi Namaqualand, na maxelo yayona yo oma, ayinga khumbekanga emasunguleni hiku ndlandlamuka ka valungu, ma Khoikhoi na mintlawa ya ma Bastaard votala vasusumetiwile kuva vasuka eka misava ya vona hima trekboers kutani varhurhela en’walungwini. Leswi swingetelele ntshikelelo eka misava na ntiyiso wa tipolotiki tale Namaqua.
Kungari khale, ma trekboers na varhangeri va Dutch e Cape vasungule ku hoxa xandla eka ku hlawula na ku thola tihosi ta ma Khoikhoi, hambi kuri kuva nyika xidloko xa koporo xa vuhosi ‘staff of office’ hiku xava ntirhisano na nseketelo wa vona eka swamabindzu. Leswi swiye emahlweni ku tsan’wa vurhangeri bya xintu bya ma-Khoikhoi. Kutani, hi malembe yava 1750s, ma trekboers vasungule ku nghena e Namaqualand laha vanga koxa mapurasi lawakulu ya vona vinyi.

Mphikizano wa Misava

©Shem Compion

Kahle kahle, van’wamapurasi lava va ma-European avanga hambanangi helo na van’wamapurasi lava votshamela ku rhurha lavanga tirha eka misava yavona ekusunguleni. Ndzhawu leyi yo oma ya Namaqualand, tani hi xikombiso, votala vavona vatirhise tiyindlu ta xintu tati matjieshuise kuya hileswi vanga ti hlawula. Navona va fambile na swifuwo swavona, vafamba na tinguva kulava madyelo ya rihlaza. Swile rivaleni leswaku leswi swi endle leswaku vava eka mphikizano wukulu na varisi va Namaqua ehenhla ka switirhisiwa swantumbuluko leswi aswi kala. Hambi leswi van’wamapurasi va ma-European avari na Xikwembu na mfumo e tlhelweni ra vona, xikan’we na maendlelo ya xi western ya vun’winyi bya misava, vateke tiko hilaha kukulu swinene.
Hindlela leyi, eka malembe ya 100 lawa yanga landzela, ma trekboers ava pfalela e handle rixaka ra Namaqua eka madyelo yavona ya khale. Tinxaka ta Namaqua, Bushmen, Khoikhoi va vahlampfa nati Bastaards vahetelele vasukumeteriwe ekule swinene naswona ekule le n’walungwini laha vangatikuma varikarhi vaphikizana hi xivona. Ndlela ya vona yaku fambisa swifuwo kuya eka madyelo ya rihlaza leswinga tshama swi hlamusela vutomi byavona ayi tikiseriwa swinene naswona tindlela ta xintu ta vona to rhurha ati herisiwile hikwalaho ka sweswo. Van’wana vatinyikerile kutani vava vatirhi va ma trekboers, kumbe vatekiwa vaya tirha emapurasini ya vona.

Ndzhawu ya Nhlayiselo

Van’wana va lwile naswona kutani vaya kuma vutumbelo eka switichi swa mission kumbe eka tindzhawu ta vutumbelo latinga vuya tivitaniwa ‘native reserves’, ngopfu ngopfu e Leliefontein mission e Kamiesberg nale Richtersveld (laha, kufikela hi 1847, akuri kuhundza e ndzelekanini wa ximfumo wa Cape Colony). Namuntlha, tindzhawu leti ta mani na mani tina 25% ya Namaqualand naswona tina 40% ya vaaki va tona.
Mintlawa yin’wana yisungule kuva xenga kutani yi nghena e swivaleni nale mitini ya vaakelani. Himpela, ndzhawu hinwayo ya ndzelekano wa Orange River yihundzuke leswi vange i ‘wild west’ hinkarhi lowu, laha aku tele mintlawa ya tinsulavoya ta nhlonge yohambana leti ati jikajika na switarata swa ndzhawu liya, swivanga madzolonga.
Yin’wani mhaka yoka yinga tsakisi leyinga tshama yi humelela leyi na sweswi yahariki e miehleketweni ya vanhu vale Namaqualand yive kona exikarhi kava 1800s, loko kuta fika dyandza ra matimba e ndzhawini liya. Kutani, vanhu vale xitichini xa mission yale Steinkopf varhurhise mindyangu ya vona na swifuwo kuya eka ndzahwu yinwana leyi ayiri kwalomu ka 15 km kusuka laha avari kona. Kutani, sonto yin’wana loko lavakulu vahari e kerekeni,ntlawa wa ma-Bushmen lava ava hlasela vanhu vanghenile e nkambeni,vadlaya 32 wa vana va Nama. Ndzhawu ya kona sweswi yina ribye ra xitsundzuxo leri tivekaka, ku olova hi, Kinderlê (laha ku etleleke vana).

Translated by Ike Ngobeni