Gade Kubobani Ama-Trekboers?
Bobani ama-trekboer? Ekugcineni, boke abalimi be-Europe gade bakateleleke kobana bahlale eduze ne-Fort eKapa, njeke ikampani le gade irhona ukubabeka ilihlo.
Ekuthomeni kweminyaka yabo-1700, inarha le gade sele itlhoga inarha engezelelweko ukobana irhone ukuhlangabezana nentlhogeko zabantu zokudla nenyama. Abalimi abamhlophe gade bavunyelwe kobana bathole inarha etja phezulu eentabeni.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngemva kokobana ama-trekboer (abalimi ababakhambi) kanye nabantu bokubuya e-Europe baragela phambili ngokulawula iKapa yoke.
Lada ukuthathwa kwenarha le kwenziwa ngokomthetho ngesistimu yokuboleka abalimaba imali nanyana i-loan, egade ibavumela kobana batleyime isiqephu esikhulu babhadale irende ephasi ngonyaka.
Amalungelo wabantu bendabuko khange atjhejwe. Ngitjho nama-Bastaard agade ahlonitjhwa kancani akateleleka kobana anikezele ngenarha yabo lokha nababanikeze ikleyimi yekhuwa elimhlophe.
Ukukhula Kwenarha Yamakhuwa
Njeke, ama-trekboer athoma ukurhatjheka, kokuthoma baya e-Overberg evundileko esepumalanga bagcina baye enarheni ye-Waveren esepumalanga. Nanyana e-Namaqualand ubujamo bayo bezulu bomile, ekuthomeni khange ukuza kwamakhuwa la, kube nomthelela omumbi, abathwa abanengi kanye nenqhema zama-Bastaard zasunduswa eenarheni zazo ma-trekboer bafudukela epumalanga. Lokhu kwafaka ukugandeleleka enarheni kanye nokuhlonitjhwa kwezepolotiki e-Namaqua.
Msinya, bezomthetho wama-trekboers kanye nebezemithetho wama-Dutch eKapa bangenelela ekukhetheni kanye nekuqhatjheni iinkosi zama-Khoikhoi, gade babanikeza iofisi kanye nekhopha kwaphela nange basebenzisana nabo begodu babasekela lokha nabarhwebako.
Lokhu kwenza bona isiko lama-Khoikhoi lokukhetha iinkosi linyazeke kokugcina. Kwathi ngonyaka ka-1750, ama-trekboer wokuthoma athoma angena e-Namaqualand lapha bazitleyimela amaplasi amanengi.
Iphaliswano Lenarha
Abalimi be-Europe gade bangakahluki khulu kunabalimi bendabuko abahlala bafuduka, ekhe basebenza eplasini. Esifundeni se-Namaqua esomileko, ukwenza isibonelo, abanengi babo bambelekela izindlu zesintu zama-khoikhoi ezibizwa bona ma-matjieshuise. Bafuduka nefuyo yabo, bakhamba lokha nakutjhuguluka iinkhathi zonyaka bayokufuna inarha ehle lapha bangadlisa khona ifuywabo.
Lokhu kwenza bona baphalisane nabafuyi be-Namaqua babange iinsetjenziswa ezingakavami, zemvelo. Nanyana kunjalo, abalimi be-Europe kade banoSokulunga kanye norhulumende ehlangothini labo, begodu ngendlela yabo yepumalanga yokobana babe nenarha yabo babodwa bathumba inarha. Iminyaka eyi-100 ama-khoikhoi amukwa bahlali bendabuko be-Namaqua inarhabo.
Abathwa be-Namaqua, ama-khoikhoi abakhambi kanye nama-bastaards basunduzelwa kude baze bafika epumalanga, lapha bazithola baphalisana.
Ipilo yokobana bakhambe bafuduka bahlale yancitjhiswa begodu iphetheni yabo yokufuduka yonakala. Abanengi bagcina sele basebenzela ama-trekboer nanyana babazinsebenzi zemaplasini.
Iindawo Ezibekelwe Abahlali
Abanye baye kumasteyitjhini wamitjhinari nanyana endaweni ezingaphandle zokubhaqa ezaziwa ngokoba ma-‘native reserves’,egade zise-Leliefontein mission,e-Kamiesberg kanye ne- Richtersveld (ekuthize kufikela ngo-1847 gade isemgceleni osemthethweni weKapa). Namhlanje, iindawezi zokuhlala ziyi-25% ye-Namaqua begodu zimumethe i-40% yestjhaba.
Ezinye iinqhema, zathoma ukuhlasela iimbaya kanye namakreste wabomakhelwani. Ngembala, i-Orange River yoke yatjharagana ngeskhatheso, yaba nemihlobohlobo yabantu egade bagelagela endaweni le babanga itjharagano.
Enye indaba eyenzekako esakhunjulwako e-Namaqualand yenzeka ngeminyaka yabo-1800, lapha kwahlasela khona isomiso esikhulu. Umphumela waso ekwaba kukobana abantu besteyitjhini samamitjhini be-Steinhof bafuduke nemindeni yabo kanye nemihlambabo baye elitjheni elincani egade lisebangeni eliyi-15 km.
Kwathi ngomunye usondarha lokha abadala basaye ekeregeni, iwoma labathwa langena ekampeni labulala abentwana bama-Nama abayi-32. Indawo le imeregwe ngelitje lesikhumbuzo elilula, begodu yaziwa ngokobana yi-Kinderlê (okutjho bona lapha kulele abentwan).
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana