Umhlabatsi ukaningi kunetintfo tematje letifile. Umhlabatsi yintfo lehlangahlangene lekulikhaya kutimphandze tesitjalo kanye nemagciwane. Phindze yibhorethrwi yemakhemikhali kanye netintfo letakhekako kanye nendzawo leyenta titjalo kutsi tibenemphilo phindze tikhule.
Emagciwane laphilako - emagciwane, kugula kanye ne protozoa - emhlabatsini kudlala indzima lenkhulu ngalenchubo leyenta kukhula kwesitjalo. Akusiko njekutsi tifihla iesidi leyenta emamineral kutsi abekhona esitjalweni njengendlela yekudla kepha aphindze abengulananke initrogen fixation, kubulala tintfo letincane letiphilako kanye nemjikelo wemanutrient.
Kutotonkhe tindlela tekuma tekulima, kubukwe ekupheni letintfo letiphila emhlabatsini, kunekutsi kuphiwe titjalo.
Yini Emagciwane Laphilako Lamancane
Emagciwane laphilako, njengentfo yekucala emhlabeni, leyenta imphilo ibekhona ngekukhicita ioxygen phindze abalulekile kutintfo letinye letiningi.
Emagciwane laphilako ahlukene abamacembu lamatsatfu: iparasites, isaprophytes, ne symbiotic microorganisms. Ema parasites adla titjalo letiphilako kanye netilwane bese kwenta tifo kanye nekubola.
iSaprphytes ikhokha titjalo letifile kwentela kukhulula emanutrients phindze kwakhe ihumus. Emamicroorganism aphila etintfweni letifanako letinetitjalo. Sibonelo nguleligciwane lelitfola symbitic wa kuletigadla kumantongomane lafana ne clover. Leliligciwane lekulungisa initrogen lihlanganisa initrogen kusuka kumoya noma simo ngendlela leyenta lesitjalo kutsi sikhone kutsatsa.
Asebenta njani Emagciwane Lamancane Laphilako
Emagciwane lamancane laphilako asebenta ngendlela lehlangahlangene ebhandeni lekudla. Libhande lekudla yindlela yenchubo lapho imiphumela yesento sinye isetjentiswa njengaphetiloli kwentela inchubo lelandzelako. Ngalamafisha, emagciwane lamancane laphilako atsembele kulamanye kuts akhokhe kudla.
Kucala ngetintfo letincane letiluhlata letifana nemacembe labitwa ngekutsi ngema ‘detritus’ bese labadli labaphansi labadla kuko bakubita ‘idetrivores’. iDetrivores ingafaka tintfwala tesigodvo, tibungu kanye nemabhungane, lokusitwe magciwane kanye nekugula kwekutselelana. Badli besibili ngema nematodes, iminenkhe, emaslug kanye netilwanyana letincane kakhulu letimunya ijusi kanye netimphungane. iAlgae iphila ngetulu kwetigadla temhlabatsi lapho ingakhona kutfola lilanga. Ema algae abalulekile ngetintfo tawo tekulungisa initrogene yesimo lesisemhlabatsini.
Sifo sekutselelana semhlabatsi sikhla kakhulu ngendlela yebudze lebitwa ngekutsi yi mycelium. Le mycelium ibamba lamanutrients, ivikele timphandze kusuka etilwanyaneni nema pathogens kanye netitjalo letimacembu tetimphandze kwentela kusita lesitjalo kutsi sibambe emanutrients lafana ne phosphorus kusuka emhlabatsini. Emagciwane ekutselelana abalulekile ngekubutsisa icarbon levutsiwe yesigodvo lefana nelicetu lesigodvo. iAspergillus ne Penicillium tibonelo letimbili tekuvubela emagciwane ekutselelana.
Kwekuvubela emhlabatsini kukhokha imizwa kanye ne enzymes ledzingekako kwentela kuhlukanisa tinhlayiya kanye nekukhula kwetimphandze. Sivubelo’ sakha lesigadla se actinomycetes ne esidi ye lactic yemagciwane.
iActinomycetes tintfo letakha emagciwane, leticondzene nekukwakha tigodvo leticinile kanye nema molecules lahlangahlangene kumhlabatsi lohlanganisiwe phindze kusite ngekwakha ihumus. Tibhekene nemhlabatsi wendalo lonukako wemhlabatsi lolinyiwe.
Emagciwane emhlabatsini avame kwakha intfo lenkhulu yemphilo emhlabatsini phindze abhekene nekwakha esulphur kanye ne nitrogen letfolakalako. Ligciwane le esidi ye lactic likhokha ema esidi etintfo letincane letiphilako leticindzetela emapathogens lafana ne Fusarium kanye nema nematodes.
Indlela Yekukhulisa Tintfo Letincane te Mhlabatsi
Sifundvo sikhombe kuphakama kwetintfo letincane temhlabatsi ngenombolo etintfweni letincane letiphilako kunendlela yekulima. Tintfo letincane temhlabatsi, ngaloko, tintsitfwa ngemalungiselelo ekulima lafana nekugucula, lokulinywa kwenhlanyelo yekuvala kanye nekuguculwa kwenhlanyelo.
Khulisa tindlela tetintfo letiphila emhlabatsini ngekungeta umcuba, manyolo, emacembe, titselo kanye netibhidvo letimoshakele noma yengeta lokuhlanganisiwe kwe titnfo letincane letiphila emhlabatsini. ‘Kusebenta kwe Tintfo letincane letiphila emhlabatsini’, letiphindze tibitwe nge EM takhuliswa eJapan ngemnyaka wa 1970 njengetintfo letitokhulisa indlela yetintfo letiningi temhlabatsi phindze nekutfutfukisa kuhambisa tintfo letincane letiphila kulokunye emhlabatsini. Kuyinhlangano yetintfo letincane letitfolakalako kutsi kutfutfuke lizinga lemhlabatsi, kukhula kanye nekukhokha kwenhlanyelo phindze kuyafutfwa kulomhlabatsi, titjalo ngisho namanyolo kanye nasetindzaweni lapho khona imfuyo igcinwa khona.
Translated by Phindile Malotana