Umlandvo wa Dokotela Peter Magubane

© David Meyer-Gollan

Dokotela Peter Magubane, intsatseli yetitfombe mhlabawonkhe, yatalwa ngenyanga yaBhimbidvwane ngelisuku lelishumi nesiphohlongo ngemnyaka wa 1932 eVrededorp wase ukhuliselwa eSophiatown. Wakhutsatwa kutfwebula titfombe uma uyise/babe wakhe, umtsengisi wetitselo, wamutsengela ikhamera ye Kodak Lensundvu ngesikhatsi Peter asesengumfana wesikolwa. Umsebenti wakhe wekutfwebula wacala ngesikhatsi sekulwela inkhululeko eNingizimu Afrika.

Umsebenti locotfo wa Dokotela Peter Magubane wekutfwebula wacala ngemnyaka wa 1955 emuva kwekujoyina iDrum magazine njengemushayeli kanye nekuhambisa imilayento. Washeshe wawela emsebentini njengemsiti egumbini lelimnyama ku Jurgen Schadeberg.

Umsebenti wakhe lomkhulu wekucala kwakukubhala ngemhlangano we African National Congress ngemnyaka wa 1955. Wasebentisa ikhamera yakhe ekutsatseni titfombe letikhomba bumatima bebantfu labamnyama bala Ningizimu Afrika ngesikhatsi selubandlululo.

Leti titfombe tefika emisakatweni mhlabawonkhe tikhombisa inchubo lengekho emtsetfweni lebeyenteka eNingizimu Afrika ngaleso sikhatsi. lena yindzaba yendvodza lecotfo lobekakhubeke kakhulu kutsi letinye tetitfombe takhe atizange tikhone kutfika emisakatweni yemhlaba ngenca yekutsi emaphoyisa amuphocelela kutsi abeke ikhamera yakhe ibukane nelilanga nalokutsi futsi lona lelophoyisa lelidvuna lamuphula imphumulo.

Peter bekakhona lapho atsatsa umlandvo ngalekhamera yakhe umbhikisho wemtsetfo lobekuliwa nawo, kuvuka kwe Umkhonto we Sizwe, kuboshwa kwa Nelson Mandela, Licala lase Rivoniya, kumiswa/kuvalwa kwe ANC, umsindvo wase Sharpeville, kuvuka kwemunyakato walaBamnyama wa Steve Biko, kanye nekuphakama kwebafundzi base Soweto.

Ekuphakameni kwe Soweto watisa bafundzi lebebanemsindvo kutsi “Umzabalazo longenandzaba akusiwo umzabalazo”. Umphumela wekutimbandzakanya kwakhe ekuphakameni kwe Soweto, indlu yakhe yashiswa ngemlilo naye wabanjwa naletinye tintsatseli letimnyama emalanga lalikhulu nemashumi lamabili nakutsatfu. Sicelo sakhe sangemnyaka wa 1957 sekujoyina inhlangano yebaTfwebuli labamhlophe bala Ningizimu Afrika sacitfwa.

Batfwebuli be Drum base basungula Inhlangano Yenchubo Yebatfwebuli Lengenabandlululo. Ngemnyaka wa 1961 Dokotela Magubane waba ngumtfwebuli wekucala lomnyama la Ningizimu Afrika lowabamba umbikiso wakhe. Bacashi bakhe base Rand Daily Mail bamakhela ligumbi lakhe lelimnyama. Umtsetfo wase Ningizimu Afrika ngaleso sikhatsi awuzange umvumela kutsi asebentise lona lelogumbi lelimnyama nalalabanye labamhlophe labasebenta naye.

Bekangumtfwebuli wetitfombe wekucala lomnyama ekuboniseni kwakhe futsi wacashwa lapho kusukela ngemnyaka wa 1967 kwaze kwaba ngu 1980. Loku kwafaka kumiswa kwakhe iminyaka lesihlanu kwaze kwaba ngu 1975. Ngalesisikhatsi wahlala emalanga lamashumi layimfica nesiphohlongo ayedvwa kanye netinyanga letisitfupha ejele.

Dokotela Magubane wabhekana nekuhlukunyetwa, kushaywa, tilondza tetibhamu letimfisha, sikhatsi lesidze sekuboshwa kanye nekuphekwa nekutfukululwa.

Wadutjulwa emahlandla lalioshumi nesikhombisa emngcwabeni wemfundzi lobowuse Natalspruit. Wacitsa emalanga lamakhulu lasihlanu nemashumi lasiphohlongo nesitfupha avalelwe yedvwa ngemnyaka wa 1969. Wafihla ikhamera yakhe afihlela emaphoyisa.

Abeyifihla emhomeni welibhayibheli, phakatsi kwe jakhethi yakhe, ekhathonini lelubisi noma ehhafini ye sinkhwa. Bekenta ungatsi udla lesinkhwa abe atsatsa titfombe. Wacitsa sikhashana eLondon ngesikhatsi sekucala kwemnyaka wa 1960 wase usebentela iTime magazine emkhatsini wa 1978 kanye na 1980.

Waphindze wacitsa sikhatsi sakhe eNew York kusuka ngemnyaka wa 1980. Waphinze wasebentela basakati labafana ne National Geographic, iLife, New York Times, iWashington Post, iParis Match kanye ne Sports Illustrated. Mhlabuhlangene bekungulabanye lebebamakhasitoma akhe. Kuhlangana kwakhe na Nelson kanye na Winnie Mandela, bobabili bebaceceshekile futsi babangani, kwacala ngemnyaka wa 1950.

Bekangumtfwebuli losemtsetfweni wa Madiba kusuka ngesikhatsi sakhe sekukhululwa kwaze kwaba yiminyaka yekucala yebuNgameli. Dokotela Magubane watsatsa lokuhlangahlangana kanye nekuhlukunyetwa lokwalandzela kungena kunkhululeko yekuvota. Wabese ujikisa kunaka kwakhe watsatsa tintfo temasiko tekuvota eNingizimu Afrika.

Dokotela watsatsa bukhulu bakhe bekunconywa yeMerithi ngekuSebentela Kucondza eNingizimu Afrika yeSiliva ku Klasi Lesibili, leyatfulwa ngu Mengameli Nelson Mandela. Bekatiwa sikhatsi lesiningi kutsi bekabeka ikhamera yakhe eceleni kuvimba bantfu kutsi bangabulawa. Ngaloku wanconywa watfola Umklomelo Wabochwephesha Kubatfwebuli Mhlabawonkhe lowaphuma eMelika. Waba wekucala kulabamnyama base Ningizimu Afrika lowawina Sitfombe Seliphephandzaba ngeMnyaka wa 1985.

Ubambe timendlela tebudokotela waphindze waklomeliswa iCornel Cappa iAwadi Yemphilo Yonkhe kusuka eku Tfwebuleni Liphakhatsi le Mhlaba eNew York. Leminye imiklomelo ifaka, Umklomelo wa Robert Capa, iMedal Lebalulekile ye Missouri yeMsebenti Lobalulekile Webuntsatseli, weMartin Luther King, iAwadi ya Luthuli, iAwadi Yemphilo Yonkhe lephuma ku Sisekelo sa Make Jones kanye naku Khamera ya Leica, kanye Nelibandla Lesikolwa Setintsatseli sa Tom Hopkinson kanye Netemfundvo yeMasiko ku Nyuvesi yeWales.

Ema Awadi ekucala emhlabeni wasekhaya afaka kutimisela ebuntsatselini leyetfulwa ngu Walter Cronkite leyanikelwa Lipulazi lase Stellenbosch’ le Wayini. Dokotela Magubane wabonisa kabili lokulikhulu laloku lakutsatsa titfombe takhe letimcoka ta Nelson Mandela: kanye ekuhlanganeni kwe Mhlabuhlangene ePoland, lapho khona lombukiso wavulwa ngulebekangu Mengameli we Polish Lech Walesa.

Umbukiso wesibili walungiselelwa sikhatsi senyanga yaKholwane lusuku lekucala kuya kunyanga yeLweti tinsuku letimashumi lamatsatfu ngemnyaka wa 2018 ku Gateway ya Nelson Mandela kuya eRobben Island. Letititfombe tanikelwa nguye Dokotela Magubane ku Sisekelo sa Nelson Mandela.

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