I-Transpiration kulokha istjalo siloba amanzi waso ngestimu. Lokha nakwenzeka lokhu, amanzi abuya emathitjhwini wentjalo alahleka emoyeni. Lokhu kwenza ukuqindezeleka begodu kugcugcuzela kobana amanzi aye phezulu asuka ehlabathin ngemirabhu yentjalo.
Kungebanga lani i-Transpiration Iqakathekile?
I-Transpiration yimtjhayel wokukhanjiswa kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwestjalo. Lokha amanzi nakaphela emakarini, amanzi adoswa avela ehlabathini, ukuthuthwa kwezakhimzimba ezincibilikileko ngestjalo izisa emaselini wentjalo ziyokwenza i-photosynthesis. I-Photosynthesis yindlela yentjalo yokusebenzisa amandla abuya elangani, amanzi kanye nemimoya efana ne-carbondioxide ukukhiqiza umthombo wawo wamandla i-glucose. Lokha lokhu nakwenzekako, kukhiqizeka i-oxygen.
Kwesibili, i-transpiration itlhogeka ekupholiseni istjalo, okufana nabantu lokha nabaphuma ingurumela lokha nakutjhisako. Ekugcineni, i-transpiraton iyatlhogeka ukutlhogomela inani lamanzi ngaphakathi kwamaseli wentjalo. Amanzi angaphakathi kwestjalo la abizwa bona yi-turgor pressure. Irhelebha ukwenza bona amaseli wentjalo ahlale aqinile ukobana arhone ukusekela istjalo.
Yenzeka Njani i-Transpiration?
Amanzi kanye nezakhimzimba zithathwe emirajini zithuthwe ngestjalo. Ngenkhundla ezihlangana namaseli wentjalo, amanzi atjhuguluka ekubeni yirhasi abestimu. Istimu sisuka estjalweni ngokusebenzisa i-stomata, imigodi emincani ekarini lentjalo – njengembobo ezikhipha ingurumela entwini. Isayizi ye-stomata ilawula ukobana istjalo singalahlekelwa bubuswe.
Umrabhu osebenzisa incenye amanzi kwaphela phakathi kwestjalo. Amanengi aphela nge-transpiration.
Amafektha Enza i-Transpiration
I-Transpiration iya ngokobana amazinga womtjhiso ajame njani, umoya kanye nomehluko wokugandeleleka kwestimu ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwestjalo. Amafektha alandelako anomthelela esilinganisweni se-transpiration:
Itlayimedi
Amafektha enziwa yitlayimedi yomoya, ubuswe obusemoyeni kanye nomoya. Ukwenza isibonelo ebujameni obomileko obonomoya, i-transpiration izoba msinya kunalokha nakunomoya opholileko nalokha kunomoya opholileko onobuswe.
Ihlabathi
Amafektha afana nenani lamanzi asehlabathini: Lokha ihlabathi inamanzi amancani, kulokha ithutha amanzi kabuthaka ewathuthela emrajini wentjalo. Ehlabathini elidaka, imbobo ezincani ezihlangana namaphathikili wehlabathi, kanye nehlabathi eyi-saline, itjwayi elinengi elisahlabathini, kanye nesilinganiso se-transpiration naso siphasi.
Iintjalo
Isilinganiso se-transpiration siya ngesigaba sokuthuthuka komhlobo wentjalo. Xerophytic, ijamelana nesomiso, iintjalo ziphungula isilinganiso se-transpiration, ngokobana zivule i-stomata ebusuku kwaphela. Eskhathini esinengi, iintjalwezi zinoboya emakarinazo ukuphungula umthelela welanga kanye nomoya.
Amalwelwe wentjalo
Ukubola kwemirabhu kuphungula irhonakalo yemirabhu ukudoseni amanzi njeke iphungula isilinganiso samanzi nge-transpiration.
Ukuzivikela
Iintjalo ezitjalwe ngaphasi kwenedi azikhiphi amanzi khulu. Lokhu kungebanga lokobana zivikeleke ngcono emoyeni kanye nelangeni kanye nangaphasi kobuswe obuphezulu obungaphasi kwamanedi.
Ezinye iintjalo zingarhona ukuvala i-stomata lokha nazingaphasi kwegandeleleko ngokomkhumbulo elibangwa kutlhoga amanzi.
Uyimeda Njani i-Transpiration?
Isilinganiso se-transpiration yentjalo ingamedwa ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezihlukeneko:
Iindlela zesintu zokumeda umehluko wamanzi asehlabathini emirajini wentjalo ngokusebenzisa izinto ezifana ne-tensiometers, resistance blocks kanye ne-neutron probes.Isilinganiso se-transpiration singamedwa ngokobana kuqalwe ukutjhuguluka kobudisi ku-lysimeters lapha ihlabathi ivalwe ngentjalo ezivala ihlabathi ukuphungula ukuphela kwamanzi ehlabathini.
Hlangana kwendlela eziphuqukileko zokumeda isilinganiso se-transpiration kubalwa irhubhululo elibekwe safuthi emalinkini wehlabathi, ngokusebenzisa iwayilesi nanyana umaliledinini, ukuya emitjhininingcondo kanye nesathaliyadi.
Ukumeda isilinganiso se-transpiration emithini yentjalo, ukwenza isibonelo iintjalo kumeda ukugeleza komhluzi esidindini somuthi ngokobana batjheje umehluko wobukhulu bomuthi nanyana ngokubeka umtjhini ngokubeka umtjhini omeda i-micro esidindini somuthi.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana