Xana Hikokwalaho Kayini Transpiration Yiri ya Nkoka?
Transpiration hi wona nhlohletelo wa ku famba famba ka mati endzeni ka ximilani. Loko mati yah aha eka matluka, mati ya swongiwa kusuka emisaveni, ya fambisa swakudya leswinga n’oka eka ximilani kutani swiya eka swirho swin’wana swa swimilani hikwalaho ka photosynthesis. Photosynthesis i ndlela leyi swimilani switirhisaka matimba ya dyambu, mati xikan’we na mimoya yofana na carbon dioxide kuya ku endliwa swakudya swa xona kufana na energy, glucose. Eka maendlelo lawa moya wa humelerisiwa.Xavumbirhi, transpiration ya laveka kuva yi horisa ximilani, leswi fanaka na loko munhu a juluka nyuku eka masiku lawa ya kufumelaka.
Xohetelela, transpiration ya laveka leswaku kuta tiyisisiwa ntshikelelo wa mati eka swirho swa ximilani. Ntshikelelo wa mati wuvuriwa turgor. Leswi swipfuneta kuva swi endla leswaku ti cells titiya leswaku tita seketela ximilani.
Xana Transpiration yi Humelerisa Kuyini?
Mati na swakudya switekiwa hi timintsu kutani swifambisiwa endzeni ka ximilani. Eka tindzhawu ta intercellular, tindzhawu letinga exikarhi ka ti cells ta swimilani, mati ya cinca kuva swihalaki kutani ya endla moya kutani yava nkahelo. Nkahelo wa mati wunyenga eka ximilani hiku hundza hile ka stomata, swimbhovani leswintsongo eka matluka ya swimilani- kufana na leswi humesaka nyuku eka nhlonge ya munhu. Vukulu bya stomata byi lawula kulahleka ka mati eka ximilani.Kova xiphemu xintsongo swinene xa mati lexi tekiwaka hi timintsu lexi tirhisiwaka endzeni ka ximilani. Ku lahleka ka lawa yotala swi endleka hikwalaho ka transpiration.
Leswi Hlohletelaka Transpiration
Transpiration yiya hi mahiselo, moya xikan’we na kuhambana ka nkahelo wa mati endzeni nale handle ka ximilani.Leswi landzelaka naswona swina xiave eka nhlayo ya transpiration:
Climate. Swilo leswi fambelanaka na maxelo swotani hi mahiselo ya moya, kutsakama ka moya xikan’we na moya lowu hungaka. Xikombiso eka xiyimo xa mimoya leyinga oma, transpiration yita humelela hiku hatlisa kutlula eka masiku lawa yanga hola no tsakama.
Soil. Swin’wana swofana na mati ya misava lawa yanga kona: Loko mati ya misava yari e hansi kutava na mphakelo wo nonoka wa mati eka timintsu ta ximilani. Eka misava ya vumba, swimbhovani leswintsongo exikarhi ka swiribyani, xikan’we na misava ya saline, vukona bya munyu wale henhla, rivilo ra transpiration narona ra nonoka.
Swibyariwa. Rivilo ra transpiration ritlhela ri hlohleteriwa hi muxaka wa swibyariwa, xiteji xaku kula ka swibyariwa. Xerophytic, leswi kotaka ku kondzelela dyondza, swimilani swihunguta rivilo ra transpiration, hikuva swipfula ntsena stomata navusiku ntsena. Hixitalo, swimilani leswi swina voya eka matluka kuhunguta xiave xa dyambu na moya.
Swibyariwa swin’wana swinga kota naku pfala stomata ehansi ka ntshikelelo wukulu wa mati.
Mavabyi ya swimilani. Mavabyi ya root rot ya hunguta vuswikoti bya timintsu ku tswonga mati naswona leswi swihunguta rivilo ra transpiration.
Nsirhelelo. Swimilani leswinga ehansi ka ti net rivilo ra transpiration rile hansi. Leswi swivangiwa hi nsirhelelo wo antswa eka moya na miseve ya dyambu xikan’we nakutsakama ka xiyimo xale henhla ehansi ka ti net.
Xana Transpiration Yinga Pimiwa Njhani?
Rivilo ra transpiration eka swimilani ringa pimiwa hiku tirhisa maendlelo yo hlaya:Maendlelo ya ndzhavuko iku pima kuhambana ka mati emisaveni eka timintsu ta ximilani hiku tirhisa switirhisiwa swotani hiti tensiometers, resistance blocks na neutron probes. Rivilo ra transpiration ringa pimiwa hiku languta ku cinca ka ntikelo wa ximilani eka lysimeters laha tshaku ra misava ringa funengetiwa hi swo ndlalela ku sivela kuva mati yah aha emisaveni.
Tindlela to antswa taku pima rivilo ra transpiration tikatsa ku vekeriwa kati probes leti vekeleriweke makumu emisaveni leti hlanganisiwaka na radio kumbe rinqingho rale nyongeni, kumbe ti computer xikan’we na mimpimo ya infra-red xikan’we na swifaniso swa satellite.
Ku pima transpiration eka swibyariwa swa misinya, e.g. mihandzu, iku pima kufamba ka sap eka tshindi ra nsinya hiku languta kuhambana eka vukulu bya tshindi kumbe kuvekeriwa ka switierhisiwa swo pima eka tshindi ra nsinya.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni