Kungani Ukumfoma Kubalulekile?
Ukuphefumula kungamandla okunyakaza kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwesitshalo. Njengoba amanzi ephuma emaqabungeni, amanzi adonsela emhlabathini, athuthe izakhi ezincibilikisiwe ngokusebenzisa isitshalo kanye namaseli ezitshalo ze-photosynthesis. I-photosynthesis yinkqubo lapho izitshalo zisebenzisa khona amandla elanga, amanzi namagesi afana ne-carbon dioxide ukukhiqiza umthombo wayo wamandla, i-glucose. Ngenqubo, i-oxygen ikhiqizwa.Okwesibili, kudinga ukuphefumula ukuze kupholile isitshalo, kufana nabantu abajuluka ngezinsuku ezifudumele.
Okokugcina, ukuphefumula kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe ukucindezelwa kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwamaseli esitshalo. Lokhu kucindezelwa kwamanzi kuthiwa yi-turgor. Kuyasiza ukugcina amangqamuzana aqinile ukuze asekele isitshalo.
Kwenzeka Kanjani Ukumfoma?
Amanzi nezakhi zithathwa yizimpande futhi zihanjiswe esitshalweni. Ezindaweni eziphakathi, izikhala phakathi kwamaseli ezitshalo, amanzi ashintsha kusuka efomini eliyi-liquid kuze kube yigesi ekwakheni umswakama wamanzi. Lo mphuzi wamanzi uphuma esitshalweni ngokusebenzisa ama-stomata, ukuvuleka okuncane emagqabeni asitshalo - njenge-sweat pores esikhumbeni somuntu. Ubukhulu be-stomata bulawula ukulahleka komswakama wesitshalo.Ingxenyana encane yamanzi ethathwe yizimpande isetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwesitshalo. Okunye kulahlekile ngokuphefumula.
Izinto Ezinethonya Ekumfomeni
Ukuphefumula kuncike ekushiseni, umoya kanye nokuhluka kwamanzi okucindezela komoya ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesitshalo.Izici ezilandelayo nazo zithinta izinga lokuphefumula:
Isimo sezulu. Izimo ze-Climatological ezifana nokushisa kwe-air, umswakama nomoya. Isibonelo ezimweni ezinomoya omile, ukuphefumula kuyoba ngokushesha kunanamuhla ezinsukwini ezipholile ezinomanzi.
Umhlaba. Izinto ezifana nokuqukethwe kwamanzi enhlabathi: Ukunciphisa umthamo wamanzi omhlabathi, kancane kancane ukuhambisa kwamanzi ezimpande zezitshalo. Enhlabathini yobumba, ama-pores amancane phakathi kwezinhlayiya ze-sand, ne-saline, okuqukethwe okasawoti, izinga lokuphefumula nalo liphansi.
Isitshalo. Izinga lokumfoma liphinde lithonywe uhlobo lwesitshalo isigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo. I-Xerophytic, ukubekezela kwesomiso, izitshalo ziyanciphisa izinga lokuphefumula, ngokuvulwa kuphela kwe-stomata phakathi nobusuku. Ngokuvamile, lezi zitshalo zinezinwele emaqabunga azo ukunciphisa umphumela wokukhanya kwelanga nomoya.
Ezinye izitshalo zingakwazi ngisho nokuvala ama-stomata ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezelayo zokucindezeleka kwamanzi.
Izifo. Izifo ezivuthiwe zitholakale zinciphisa ikhono lezimpande ukuze zithole amanzi ngakho-ke ukunciphisa izinga lokuphefumula.
Ukuvikelwa. Izitshalo ngaphansi kwenetha zihlanganisa kancane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuvikeleka kangcono emoyeni nangelanga eliqondile kanye nomswakama ophakeme ngaphansi kwamanetha.
Indlela Yokulinganisa Ukuphefumula?
Isilinganiso sokuphefumula kwezitshalo singalinganiswa ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene:Indlela yendabuko ukukala ukungalingani kokuqukethwe kwamanzi enhlabathi emiphakathini yezitshalo ngezinsimbi ezifana ne-tensiometers, izivimbela zokuvimbela kanye ne-neutron probes. Izinga lokuphefumula lingabuye lilinganiswe ngokugcina ithrekhi yezinguquko zesisindo kuma-lysimeters enobuso bomhlabathi obumbozwe emanzini amaningi ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola kwenhlabathi.
Izindlela eziphambili kakhulu zokulinganisa ukuguqulwa kwesibalo kufaka phakathi ama-probe afakwe unomphela emhlabathini ngezixhumanisi, ngomsakazo noma efonini, kumakhompyutha kanye nesilinganiso se-infra-red kanye nesithombe se-satellite.
Ukukala ukuphefumula ezitshalweni zomuthi, isb. izithelo, ukukala ukugeleza kokushisa esihlahleni ngokubheka ukungafani ku-trunk ububanzi noma ngokubeka amadivaysi wokulinganisa amancane noma esihlahleni somuthi.
Translated by Nsika Khoza