I-hemp seyivunwe iminyaka emakhulukhulu; ubufakazi bokuthoma obuveza ukusetjenziswa kwe-hemp kwatholakala e-Taiwanese pottery kusukela eminyakeni eyo 10 000 B.C. eyadlulako. Kuqatjangwa bona inarha ye-China emandulo yayaziwa njengenarha ye-hemp, i-hemp kwakusitjalo sokuthoma ukusetjenziswa ukwenza umthiya - wawusetjenziselwa ukuluka amatjhila, iinyathelo, amaphepha kunye neentambo. Kwakukhuthazwa ukusetjenziswa kwe-hemp eenhlahleni ezahlukahlukeneko, kufaka hlangana ukuqurhelana, i-rheumatism kunye nokubuyisa umqondo.
Ukusabalala Kwe-Hemp
Emihlobeni emithathu ye-Cannabis, i-hemp - okumhlobo we-cannabis sativa - yathoma ukusabalaliswa iphasi loke, ngonobangela wokusetjenziswa komthiya wayo nembewu yayo edlekako. Kunobufakazi bokusabalala kokuvunwa kwayo kuma-British Isles ngeminyaka yabo 400 B.C. lapho isitjalo se-hemp sasisetjenziselwa ukwenza amatjhila (umthiya we-hemp) kunye nokusetjenziswa njengamafutha nokudliwa (imbewu ye-hemp).
Ilwazi ngemiphumela yokudaka kwama-strains we-THC-rich cannabis lasabalala ladlulela ngale kweziko lezamaphilo nelamabubulo belakhuthaza ukusetjenziswa kwama-strains we-cannabis kezeko nangehloso yokuzijabulisa.
Isango ye-hemp yafika e-Canada ngo 1606 ilethelwa ukukhiqiza iintambo namaseyila begodu yatjalwa e-USA kokuthoma ngabo 1630s. I-hemp yayitjalwe khulu beyiberegiswa khulu e-America kangangokuba kubalelwa ekutheni isiquntu samatjhila woke enziwa ekupheleni kwabo 1700s enziwa nge-hemp.
Ukuqedwa kokwenziwa kwabantu iinqhila e-USA nokutjalwa kwekotini kwarholela ekutheni kwehle ukuvunwa kwe-hemp ivunelwa amatjhila. Ngokungezelela, ukusetjenziswa kwe-pulp yamaplanka yentengo ephasi ukwenza amaphepha kuragelisa phambili ukwehlisa izinga lokusetjenziswa kwe-hemp. Nanoma kunjalo, yayisasetjenziswa ukukhiqiza amaphepha wegwayi, amabhayibheli kunye nemali.
Ukuvinjwa Kokusetjenziswa Kwe-Hemp
Nakukhamba iminyaka imihlobo yesango ye-hemp enamazinga aphezulu we-THC yatjhuguluka nayo. Ama-strains amumethe i-THC abuya e-sewula ye-Asia asetjenziswa ekwenzeni iindakwamizwa zokuzijabulisa ngebhadi, i-industrilal hemp yahlotjaniswa naleyo enamazinga aphezulu we-THC.
Ngeminyaka yabo 1930s, ngemva kokuqatjhwa kwaka-Henry J. Anslinger njengokomitjhara we-Narcotics Bureau etja, kwathiwa i-hemp isidakamizwa begodu ukulinywa kwayo e-USA kwavinjelwa.
Ngeminyaka yabo 1940s, ukukhiqizwa nokusetjenziswa kwe-hemp kwavunyelwa godu isikhatjhana ukuze kukhiqizwe amaphepha, amatjhila kunye neentambo ezizakusetjenziswa epini yephasi yesibili/-Second World War, kodwana amaphemithi wokukhiqiza i-hemp ajanyiswa ngemva kwepi.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlulileko, kubonakale kunetjisako etja ephasini mazombe lokuvuna i-hemp khulukhulu e-France-njenganje ekubakhiqizi abakhulu be-indutrial hemp ephasini. Inarha ye-China seyibhalise amalungelo wobufakazi/-patents angaphezulu kuka 300 ahlotjaniswa ne-hemp begodu i-Canada seyikwenze kwabasemthethweni ukukhulisa i-industrial hemp ikhuliselwa imbewu yayo kunye nomthiya osetjenziselwa amaphepha, amatjhila, ama-bio composites kunye nometheyirali wokwakha onzinzileko.
I-Hemp eSewula Afrika
E-Sewula Afrika, umthetho awuhlukanisi hlangana kokukhulisa i-Cannabis (isango) kunye nokukhulisa i-industrial hemp. Nanoma kunemizamo eminengi nokuthengiswa kwe-hemp eenarheni ezifana ne-Canada, China kunye ne-France, ukukhulisa kwe-hemp ikhulisela ukuthengiswa amabubulweni nanjesi akusisemthethweni begodu amaphemithi akhethekileko ayafuneka lokha nakuzokutjaliwa i-hemp. Lokhu kuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemp ikhiqizelwa ihloso yokwenza irhubhululo kwaphela.
Ipahla ehlotjoniswa ne-hemp eSewula Afrika ithengwa eenarheni zangaphandle.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana