I-Hemp ilinywe amawaka weminyaka; ubungqina bokuqala bokusetyenziswa kwe hemp bafumaneka kumenzi womdongo wase Taiwan kwiminyaka yoma 10 000 B.C. Mandulo kwelase China, eyaziwa njenge lizwe apho ihemp iveliswa khona, ihemp- esinye sezityalo zokuqala ezathi zasetyenziswa njenge fibre – yasetyenziswa ukuthunga amalaphu, izihlangu, amaphepha neentambo. I-Hemp yacetyiswa njengoncedo kwizigulo ezininzi, kuquka ukuqhina kwesisu, isifo samathambo esihamba neentlungu nosuleleko, kunye nokubhadula kwengqondo.
Ukunaba kwe Hemp
Kwintlobo ezintathu ze hemp ze Cannabis, ihemp- icannabis sativa -oluhlobo- yaba lelokuqala ukunaba kwilizwe lonke, ngenxa ye fibre yayo ebalulekileyo nenkozo ezityekayo. Kukho ubugqina bokulinywa kwayo kwelase Britane koma 400 B.C. apho isityalo se hemp sathi sasetyenziswa ekwenzeni ilaphu (ifibre ze hemp) kunye ne oli nokutya (iinkozo ze hemp).
Ulwazi malunga nokunxilisa kwezityebileyo kwi THC cannabis apho amazinga asasazeka ngapha kwamayeza nentengiso kwaye ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe cannabis ngenjongo zenkolo kunye nophuhliso.
I-Hemp eyintsangu yaziswa kwelase Canada ngonyaka ka 1606 kusenziwa iintambo kunye ne seyile ze yatyalwa kwelase USA okokuqala ngonyaka ka 1630s. ihemp yayisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye ityaliwe isetyenziswa eMelika ze kude kube kuqikelelwa okokuba ingxenye yempahla zonke zenziwa nge hemp ekupheleni kweminiyaka yama 1700s.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kobukhoboka kwela USA nokutyalwa kwe khothoni kwenza okokuba kusetyenziswe ihemp ekwenzeni amalaphu. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwamaplanga akumaxabiso aphantsi we mpuphu enza amaphepha yaphinda yachaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwe hemp. Kodwa ke, yasetyenziswa ukwenza amaphepha we sigarethi, iibhayibhile kunye ne mali.
Isibheno se Hemp
Exesheni kwavela ‘intsangu’ intlobo ze hemp ezinamazinga aphezulu we THC. Ezontlobo zine THC ezisuka eMazantsi we Asia zazisetyenziswa ekwenzeni iziyobisi kodwa ke ngelishwa, ihemp ethengiswayo yadityaniswa nomzala wayo onamazinga aphezulu kwi THC.
Ngeminyaka yama 1930s, emveni kokuchongwa kuka Henry J. Anslinger njengo mkomishinala we Narcotics Bureau esandula ukusekwa, ihemp engumya yachazwa njenge siyobisi kwaye ukulima ihemp kwafakwa isibheno kwelase USA.
Ngeminyaka yama 1940s, ukuvelisa kunye nokwenza ihemp kwavuselelwa ukuze kuveliswe iphepha, iimpahla, kunye nentambo ukuze zisetyenziswe kumlo wesibini wamazwe, kodwa impepha mvume zokuvelisa ihemp zathatyathwa emveni kwemfazwe.
Kwiminyaka yakutsha nje, kubekho umdla omtsha kwi hemp kumazwe jikelele ilizwe lase France lihamba phambili- okwangoku oyena mvelisi we hemp ethengiswayo elizweni. Ilizwe lase China libhalise ngapha kwama 300 ze hemp ze iCanada yavumela okokuba kube semthethweni ukukhulisa ihemp xa kusenzelwa intengiso, ye nkozo ne fibre ezisetyenziselwa amaphepha, iimpahla, kunye nokunye okwenziwa zi fibres nezixhobo zokwakha.
I-Hemp eMzantsi Afrika
Kwelase Mzantsi Afrika, umthetho awohluli phakathi koku khulisa iCannabis (umya) nokukhulisa ihemp yentengiso. Ngaphandle kwenzame ezininzi neentengiso ye Hemp kumazwe afana ne Canada, China ne France, ukukhulisela intengiso kunye nokulungiswa kwe hemp akukho semthethweni kwaye kudingeka iimpepha mvume ezikhethekileyo ukuze ubani avumeleke ukutyala ihemp. Oku kuvumela imveliso ye hemp ngenjongo yezifundo zophando kuphelo.
Imveliso ze hemp eMzantsi Afrika zithengwa kwamanye amazwe.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie