Inarha Ephunguliweko
Yathoma ukusebenza ngemva kokobana kuvulwe imayini yedayimane, urhulumende weSewula-Africa wagcina sele alungisile indaba yenarha ye-Richtersveld. Njeke hlangana komnyaka ka-1925 kanye ne-1926, imitjhini yatlanywa yokobana bathole isisombululo, bathatha isiqunto sokobana inarha efujnwa ngu-Melvill isese yikulu khulu.
Enye i-143 000 morgen (ekumahekutha ayi-122 500) yaphungulwa isayizi yokugcina ye-Richtersvelders’ yafikelela ku-300 000 morgen, ekwakuyincenye yenarha egade bayifuna. Isiqetjhana senarhesi sanikezwa ama-‘Hottentots kanye nama-Bastards’, ngaphasi komthetho we-Minister of Native Affairs. Ngemva kwalokho,ngonyaka ka-1930, ithikithi langokomthetho lokobana bahlale lakhutjhwa nguMinista wezenarha – nanyanan inarha gade isabanjwe ngurhulumende.
Indlela leyo yasetjenziswa nakwamanye amamitjhini steyitjhini azombeleze inarha yoke. Ekwarholela ekutheni kube nendawo ezaziwa kobana zibekelwe kobana kuhlale ama-coloured reserves’ nanyana iindawo zama- ‘coloured' ezimaplasi. E-Namaqualand, kwatlanywa zihlanu. ekuyi-Richtersveld, Steinkopf, Leliefontein, Komaggas kanye ne-Concordia. Egade lzihlangene nenarha ezikulu enarheni, inarha le iyi-1.5 million yama-hectares.
Inarha Ebekelwe ama-Coloured
Ibhodi yakade etlhogomelako kanye namakhansela baragela phambili baba baphathi ngokwepolotiki eenarhenezi zama-coloured. Gade kungibo abathatha iiiqunto zokobana ngubani ongabatholela imvume yokuhlala lapha nokobana ngubani ongathola indlu, amadlelo wefuyo, imvume yokuvowudela ikhansela njalonjalo.
Imvume ekhethekileko gade inikezwe abantu egade babawe kobana bahlale iskhatjhana egade basenza njengabelusi,nanyana iinsebenzi zemakhitjhini) kanye nabantu ababizwa bona ma-vreemdelinge (ekubabantu bangaphandle nanyana bakhambi ekubalwa hlangana abathengisi, abafundisi, kanye nabanye abalimi abahlomphe). Iinqhema ezimbilezi gade zinemvume ebuya ekhanseleni yokobana bangaba nezindlu kweskhatjhana kanye namadlelo kwaphela lokha nababapha izipho, nanyana nabasebenzela umphakathi.
Kwanjesi, kwaba nenqhema zemihlobo yabantu abahlukhahlukeneko egade bahlala e-Namaqualand baphilisana kuhle. Nanyana lokhu kutjho bona gade imihlobo yoke le yabantu egade bamanaba ngaphambilini ihlalisana kuhle ngokuthula, ama-Nama nanyana ama-Khoikhoi gade banyazwa khulu. Ukuninwa kwabokho kwaragela phambili ngemva kokobana kutloliwe iitjhaba ngokwebandlululo eyabahlukanisa ngokobana ma-‘coloured’.
Umthetho i-Groups Areas Act
Ama- the basters athoma ukudlala indima ephumelelako kwezepolotiki yenarha zama-coloured we-Namaqualand. Ama-baster gade ancono khulu begodu amanengi kunestjhaba Sama-Khoikhoi begodu gade banenzuzo yokuthola ifundo yezinga eliphezulu kumamitjhinari. ERichtersveld, ukubakhona kwamamitjhinari kwasekela kufika kwama Bosluis Basters ngonyaka ka-1949.
Isqhema esitjhesi sama-‘bastaards’ gade sikatelelwe kobana sifuduke emakhabo e-Pofadder district ye-Bushmanland mthetho we-Group Areas Act, owathulwa ngokomthetho ngonyaka ka-1950. Kwakusiqetjhana somthetho esasithi yoke imihlobo yabantu ehlukahlukeneko kutlhogeka kobana ihlukane. Umthetho lo (egade ungazelela umthetho wakudala wenarha wangonyaka ka-1913) wabanga kobana babasuse ngekani lokho okwathusa inarha yoke ngonyaka ka-1950 (ekubalwa i-Sophiatown, District 6, South End etc.).
Abantu Abanyazwako
Njeke, lokha urhulumende wegandelelo urhulumende ka-D.F. Malan nakabetha isibebhe, imindeni yama-Bosluis Basters engaba yi-68 yakateleleka kobana ipake izinto zayo izifake eenkariyaneni ikhambe ibanga eliyi-300 km bayokuzuma amakhaya wabo amatjha. Ikhambo labeli labarholela enarheni engaphandle ye-Richtersveld,ebayibona njengenarha lapha kungalahlelwa khona abantu abangafunwako.
Kubonakala inga kwakulikhambo elibudisi nelidinisako, kodwana gade barhelejwa mfundisabo u-Reverend Eksteen, ogade sele ahleli nomphakathi lo kusukela ngeminyaka yabo-1945. Ekugcineni kwakhethwa inarha edongeni elisesizibeni esincani, lapha kwakunganalitho khona. Ikerege lakhiwa msinya lapho kwathonywa ikreste elitjha elathiywa kobana yi-Eksteenfontein, ukuhlonipha umfundisabo.
Ukuvala, ngivuma bona umthetho we-Group Areas Act, walimaza abantu abanengi. Imindeni engaba lithoba yabalimi abamhlophe (egade bahlala enarheni yamakhaladi) ngonyaka ka-1950 yasuswa nayo e-Richtersveld. Lapha kubalwa: umndeni we-Avenant ogade ulima e-De Hoop enarheni ebizwa bona yi-Richtersveld National Park kwanjesi (amathuna wabantwana abambalwa bakwa-Avenant asese khona nawaziko kobana uwaqalephi); bakwa-Van Rensburgs egade bahlala e-Grasdrif; umndeni wakwa-Graaff e-Gelykwerf; kanye namasokana wakwa-deVries egade balima e-Vandersterrberg kanye ne-Koeskop; kanye nomndeni wama- Bosman ogade uhlala e-Stinkfontein esele ibizwa bona yi-Eksteenfontein.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana