Uyini Uju?

Uju luyisiphuzo elimnandi esakhiwa izinyosi - izinyosi zezinyosi, izinyosi ezikhukhulayo nezinyosi ezingenalutho - kanye nezinambuzane ezithile nezintuthwane. Ibuye isetshenziswe yizinyosi njengomthombo wokudla wezinyosi zezinyosi, ukudla okubalulekile izinyosi ezincane, futhi ngezikhathi zokuntuleka kokudla. Sekusetshenziswe ngumuntu iminyaka engaphezu kuka-8 000 njengomthombo wokudla kanye nemithi.

Lenziwa kanjani Uju?

Uju lwenziwa kusukela kumboni wezimbali, ukuphuma okuyishukela kwezinambuzane noma ama-sweet plant.
Izinyosi ze-Scout zifuna ukufuna ubisi bese zibuyela esidlekeni ukuxhumana, ngokudansa, indawo yomthombo wompe.
Umpe uqoqwa yizinyosi ezincane eziyigcina ezitshalweni zazo 'izinyosi zesisu'. Uma ubuyela esidlekeni, lezi zinyosi ezingenakubalwa bese ziphazamisa umchamo ezitshalweni zazo ezivuneni zezinyosi zeprosesa eduze nomnyango wesifuba. I-nectar ihanjiswe kumsila wezinyosi - ngokuvamile ephezulu phezulu emngceleni, ngaphandle kwendlovukazi kanye nomfanyana ohlala ezingxenyeni eziphansi zomhlathi.
Lapha ku-honeycomb, i-nectar igxilile kumaseli ayisithupha 'amaceleni ayisithupha'. "Njalo uma umthwalo omusha we-ncoma wengezwa esitokisini, izinyosi zeprosesa zengeza 'invertase' i-enzyme ephula ishukela 'sucrose' ibe yi-glucose 'ushukela wegazi' kanye ne-fructose, ushukela wezithelo", kuchaza uDavid Tarpy, umngane uprofesa we-entomology eNorth Carolina State University.
Umpe uqukethe amanzi angama-70%, kanti uju uqukethe amanzi angama-17 kuya kwangu-18. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kufinyeleleke ukunamathela okunamathela uju, umswakama ovela emanzini ashukela kufanele aqhume. Lokhu kwenziwa ngombono oqhubekayo wezinyosi zezinyosi.
Lapho amanzi ekhuphukile ngokwanele futhi kutholakala ukuvumelana okulungile, uju manje 'uvuthiwe', amangqamuzana omuncu wezinyosi afakwe uphawu lokuthi 'i-capping'. Lezi zinhlamvu ze-bex zivimbela umswakama ukungena ngaphakathi. Uma i-capped, i-honeycomb isilungele ukuvunwa noma ifakwe ezinyosi zezinyosi. I-pollen ixubene noju ngaphambi kokondla izinyosi ezincane umxube we-protein ocebile.

Izibalo Zoju

Ukwenza uju kuwumsebenzi onzima. Ngokusho kwe-American Bee Journal, i-honeybee izovakashela izimbali ezingu-50-100 ekuhambeni kweqoqo futhi izokhiqiza u-0.8 g uju ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2005 nguMnyango Wezamanzi namaHlathi eNingizimu Afrika lucatshangisa ukuthi u-15 kg uju ngomcuba ngamunye ungenziwa ngonyaka.

Ukuvuna Uju

©Yves Tennevin

Abakhiqizi bezinyosi bavuna ama-honeycombs ngokuqoqa nokukhipha ama-honeycomb egcwele ama-hive. Ama-caps we-bex, ukufaka uphawu kwamaseli lapho uju ugcinwa khona, uphulwa nge-blade namafreyimu bese ufakwa ku-extractor. I-extractor ngokuvamile i-centrifuge, ibhasikidi eguquguqukayo, ehlunga amafreyimu ngesivinini esikhulu. Amandla okujikeleza anqoqa uju kulesi sihlahla. Izinyosi ezincane ezingenalutho zibuyiselwa esidlekeni lapho izinyosi zisusa uju osele khona bese uqala ukulungisa nokuhlanza iseli ngalinye. Abakhiqizi beju eliluhlaza bakhipha uju ekamelweni lokushisa futhi bangasebenzisi i-centrifuge ukuze bakhiphe uju.
Ngemuva kokukhipha kusukela ku-honeycomb, uju ungase uhlungwe ukuze ususe i-honeycomb wax futhi ezinye izinhlayiyana. Ngezinye izikhathi ukushisa kuyasheshisa inqubo, kodwa kuzokhiqiza uju engakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi 'uju obuhlaza'. Uju lube ibhodlela futhi lubhalwe phansi.

Izithako Zoju

Uju lwenziwa kusuka emzimbeni futhi luqukethe ushukela, 38% fructose, 31% i-glucose, i-dextrin engu-5% no-1.5 - 3% i-sucrose, amaprotheni 0.5 - 2,3%, cishe zonke izakhi zokulandelana, njenge-iron, i-phosphor, i-magnesium, i-calcium, kanye nama-acids e-organic naphakathi kwamanzi angu-18 kuya kwangu-20. Uju luqukethe ne-enzymes ethile - i-invertase, i-diastase, i-amylase, i-phosphatase-eyasiza ekunqandeni inyosi.
Hоnеу eyenziwe frоm dіffеrеnt рlаntѕ ngeke nje ilalele futhi iphunga ehlukene kodwa izokuhlukahluka ezithandweni zayo. Isibonelo, amavithamini oju - B1, B2, B, B, B, H, K, C, E, PP, provitamin A - yinto efana ne-thrеаѕіng thе аmоunt оf in the honey.
Ukuhluka kokunambitheka kucacile uma kuqhathaniswa nobusi owenziwe, isibonelo, izimbali ze-citrus 'ukukhanya okuncane kanye ne-citrusy' kanye nezimbali ze-eucalyptus, okumnyama kunemibala enamandla, cishe ukunambitheka kwemithi.

Translated by Nsika Khoza