Tswine ya Dinotshe ke Eng?

Tswine ya dinotshe ke sere se se kgomarelang se se dirilweng ke dinotshe (dinotshe tsa tsinwe, dinotshe tse di popota le dinotshe tse di sa tlhabeng) gammogo le mefu e e rileng ditshoswane. Gape e dirisiwa ke dinotshe tsa tswine jaaka motswedi wa dijo mo borothong ba dinotshe (sejo se se botlhokwa sa dinotshe tsa bašwa) le ka dinako tsa tlhaelo ya dijo. E setse e dirisitswe ke batho go feta dingwaga di le 8 000 jaaka motswedi wa dijo le jaaka molemo.

Tswine e Dirwa Jang?

Tswine e dirwa go tswa mo botsheng ba dithunya, dintshong tsa sukiri ya ditshenekegi kgotsa dimela tse di sukiri tsa matute.
Tlholelela dinotshe tse fofang go batla botshe mme di boela kwa motshitshing go bua (ka go bina) lefelo la motswedi wa matute.
Ka jalo matute e tsewa ke dinotshe tse fulang tseo di e bolokang mo dijalong tsa tsona (dimpa tsa tswine). Go boela kwa motshitshing, difudi tseno di tshololela botshe go tswa mo dijalong tsa tsona dijalo mo dijalong tsa dinotsheng tsa diporofesa gaufi le matseno a motshitshi. Botshe bo tsewa go iswa mo kamong ya tswine - gantsi mo godimo ga motshitshi, kgakala le kgosigadi le moelami o nnang mo dikarolong tsa kwa tlase tsa motshitshi.
Fano mo kamong ya tswine, botshe bo tsenywa mo diseleng tsa matlhakore a thataro. “Nako nngwe le nngwe morwalo o mošwa wa botshe di tlatseletswa mo seleng, dinotshe tsa diporofesa di oketsa ‘invertase’ motlhodi o o aroganyang sukiri (sukrousu) go ya sukiritlhago (sukiri ya madi) le furukthose (sukiri ya maungo)”, go tlhalosa David Tarpy, moporofesa-mmogo wa entomology kwa Yubesithing ya kwa North Carolina State.
Botshe bo na le dipheresente tse di ka nnang 70 tsa metsi, fa tswine ya dinotshe e na le metsi a a ka nnang 17 - 18 ya dipheresente tsa metsi. Ka jalo, go fitlhelela tlhomamo ya tswine, mongola o o tswang mo botsheng jwa sukiring bo tshwanetse go moyafala. Se se dirwa ka dinako tsotlhe ka go tsenya mowa mo diphukeng tsa dinotshe.
Fa metsi a moyafetse ka tshwanelo mme tlhomamo e fitlheletswe (tswine ya dinotshe jaanong e ‘butswitse’), disele tsa kamo ya tswine ya dinotshe di tswalelwa ka ‘go khurumela dintlhana’. Dikhurumelo tse tsa boka ba dinotshe di thibelang mongola go tsenelela kwa teng. Fa di khurumetswe, kama ya tswine ya dinotshe e siametse go ntshiwa kgotsa go fepiwadi dinotshe tse di nnye. Mmudula o kopantse le tswine ya dinotshe pele fa o fepa dinotshe tsa bašwa motswakong o o nonneg ka proteine.

Dipalopalo tsa Tswine ya Dinotshe

Go dira tswine ya dinotshe ke tiro ya natla. Go ya ka Lekwalopaka la Amerika la Dinotshe, notshe ya tswine e tla etela 50 - 100 ya dithunya ka loeto la go kgobokanya mme e tla ntshakuno ya tswine ya dinotshe ya 0.8 g mo botshelong jwa yone botlhe. Patlisiso ka 2005 ka Lefapha la Metsi le Dikgwa la Aforika Borwa o lekanyeditse gore dikilogeramo tse 15 tsa tswine ya dinotshe ka motshitshi o ka ntshwakuno mo ngwageng.

Go Ntsha Tswine ya Dinotshe

©Yves Tennevin

Batshola dinotshe ba ntsha dikamo tsa tsine ya dinotshe ka go kgobakanya le go tlosa ditlhomeso tsa kamo ya tswine ya dinotshe ka botlalo mo motshitshing. Dikhurumelo tse tsa boka ba dinotshe, di khurumeditse disele mo tswien ya dinotshe e bewang gone, di a gogolwa ka legare mme matlhomeso jaanong a bewa mo ntshong. Ntsho ka gale ke go kgaoganya diedi tsa boima bo bo farologaneng (seroto se se dikologang) seo se dikolosang ditlhomeso ka lebelo le le kwa godimo. Tikologo e ya maatla e pateletsa tswine ya dinotshe go tswa mo gare ga dikamo tsa tswine ya dinotshe. Dikamo tsa tswine ya dinotshe tse di bokoa tseo di senang sepe di a busediwa kwa motshitshing mo dinotshe di tlosang tswine ya dinotse e e setseng le go simolola go baakanya le go phepafatsa sele nngwe le nngwe. Bantshakuno ba tswine ya dinotshe e e tala ba ntsha tswine ya dinotshe mo thempheretšheng ya phaposi mme ga ba dirise ya go kgaoganya diedi tsa boima bo bo farologaneng go ntsha tswine ya dinotshe.
Morago ga go ntsha go tswa mo kamong ya tswine ya dinotshe, tswine ya dinotshe e ka nna ya tlhotlhwa go tlosa boka ba kamo ya tswine ya dinotshe le manwathana a mangwe. Ka dinako dingwe go gotetsa go itlhaganyetsisa tiragatso, mme e tla ntsha kuno ya tswine ya dinotshe e e ka se arologantshweng jaaka ‘tswine ya dinotshe e tala’. Jaanong tswine ya dinotshe e e tshwawa le go beiwa.

Ditswaki tsa Tswine ya Dinotshe

Tswine ya dinotshe e dirwa go tswa mo botsheng mme bo na le disukiri (38% furuthose, 31% ya sukiri ya tlhago, 5% ya dekstrini le 1.5 - 3 ya sukrose), poroteine (0.5 - 2,3%) bokana ba dintlha tsotlhe tseo di bonwang (jaaka tshipi, fosforo, makanesiamo, kalsiamo) mmogo le diesiti tsa tlhago le metsi a a mo gareng ga 18 - 20%. Gape tswine ya dinotshe e na le metlhoodi e e rileng - invertase, diastase, amylase, phosphatase – e e thusang ka tshilo ya tswine ya dinotshe.
Dinotshe di dirwa go tswa mo dijalong e ka se latswege fela go nkga ka go farologana mme e tla farologana le ditswaki tsa yona. Sekao, dibitamini mo tswineng ya dinotshe (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, H, K, C, E, PP, provithamini ya A) e okeleditswe ka go oketsa bokana ba modula mo tswineng ya dinotshe.
Dipharologano mo tatsong di bonala sentle fa o bapisa tswine ya dinotshe e e dirilweng go tswa ka, sekao, go thunya ga monamune (lesedi le monamune go le gonnye) le dithunya tsa Eucalyptus (di fifetse ka mmala, le tatso e e bokete ya melemo).

Translated by Lawrence Ndou