Yintoni Ubusi?

Ubusi yincindi emnandi eswiti eyenziwe ziinyosi - iinyosi eziqokelela ubusi, honey bees, bumble bees, stingless bees - kunye neentlobo nezinambuzane kunye neembovane. Ikwasetyenziswa zi honey bees njengokutya xa kusenziwa isonka seenyosi, oku kukutya okubalulekileyo kwinyosi ezincinci, nangamaxesha apho ukutya kuthi kushote. Isetyenziswe luluntu iminyaka engapha kwama 8000 yeminyaka njengokutya neyeza.

Benziwa Njani Ubusi?

Ubusi benziwa ngencindi yentyatyambo, iswekile ethi iphume kwinyosi okanye iziselo eziswiti zezityalo. Iinyosi ezihambe zihlala ziye zibhabhe zihambe zikhangela incindi ziphinde zibuye kwikhakha lazo ukubalisa, ngokudanisa, indawo apho incidi ifumaneka khona.
Incindi ke iyaqokelelwa ziinyosi eziye zizingele ze ziyigcine kwisivuno sayo, izisu zobusi. Ukubuyela kwikhakha, ezinyosi ziqokelela ukutya zeziyichithe incindi kuzo siyifke kwisivuno seenyosi ezisebenzayo kufuphi necango lekhakha incindi iyathathwa isiwe kwindawo yokugcina ubusi-ngesiqhelo phezulu wekhakha, kude nenyosikazi ephetheyo nenzala ehlala kumazantsi kwi khakha.
Kwi honeycomb, incindi ikhutshwelwe kwi hexagonal, inamacala amathandathu, kwisisele.” Rhoqo xa kufike induli yencindi idityaniswe esiseleni, ze inyosi iprocessor idibanise ‘invertase’ okuphula iswekile 'sucrose' ibeyi glucose 'iswekile egazini' kunye ne fructose, iswekile yeziqhamo”, uyacacisa u David Tarpy, owaziwa njenge Associate professor ye entomology eNorth Carolina State University.
Incindi inamanzi angu 70%, logama ubusi luna 17-18% wamanzi. Ukuze ifikelele ekubeni ibencangathi, kufuneka incindi esuka ekufumeni kufuneka iphume umophu. Oku kwenziwa ngo soloko kuvuthelwa impiko zeenyosi.
Xa amanzi ephume umophu kakuhle kwaye ukulingana okufunekayo kufikelelwe kuko, ubusi ngoku ‘buvuthiwe’, izisele ze honeycomb zivalwa ngoko ‘gquma’. Ikepusi ze ikhandlela lobusi benyosi lithintele ukufuma kungaphumeli. Xa zegqunyiwe, ihoneycomb ikulungele ukuvunwa okanye ityiswe abantwana benyosi. Ipollen ixutywa nobusi phambi kokutyisa iinyosi ezise ncinci lomxube izele iprotein.

Iinkcukacha Manani Zobusi

Ukwenza ubusi ngumsebenzi onzima. Ngokwe American Bee Journal, inyosikazi ephetheyo izakuhambela ama 50 - 100 wentyantyambo iqokelela ze ivelise i-0,8g yobusi ngethuba lobomi bayo. Isifundo esenziwe ngonyaka ka 2005 lisebe leza Manzi na Mahlathi lase Mzantsi Afrika liqikelele okokuba i15kg yobusi ngokwe khakha ingaveliswa ngonyaka.

Ukuvuna Ubusi

©Yves Tennevin

Abagcini nyosi bavuna ihoneycombs ngoku qokelela nokususa intsalela zobume be khakha. Iziciko ze beeswax, zivala izisele ezigcina ubusi, ziye zikrwele nge bleyidi ze zifakwe apho zihanjiswa khona. Apho zihanjiswa khona ibayi baskiti ejikelezisa intsalela ngamandla aphezulu akhawulezayo. Oku kujikelezisa Amandla kunyanzela ubusi buphume kwi honeycomb. Ezo honeycombs zithambileyo zingenanto zibuyiselwa kwi khakha apho iinyosi zisusa ubusi obuseleyo ziqale ukulungisa nokucoca isisele. Abavelisi bobusi obuhlaza babuka ubusi kubushushu obungekho ngamandla kwaye azisebenzisi ibaskithi ukukha ubusi.
Emveni kokukha kwi honeycomb, ubusi kufuneka buhluzwe ukususa ikhandlela le honeycomb kunye nezinye iintwana-ntwana. Maxa wambi ukuyitshisa kuye kukhawulezise ukuyenza, kodwa ivelisa ubusi obungacaciswa njengobusi obu ‘hlaza’. Ubusi bufakwa ezibhotileni bubhalwe.

Okufakwe Xakusenziwa Ubusi

Ubusi benziwe yincindi kwaye bune swekile - 38% fructose, 31% glucose, 5% dextrin kunye ne 1.5-3% sucrose, protein 0.5-2.3%, phantse zonke ezizilandelayo - iron, phosphor, magnesium, calcium - kunye ne acidi ezi organic eziphakathi ko 18-20% wamanzi. Ubusi bunokuthile-invertase, diastase, amylase, phosphatase – ezincedisa ukucola ubusi.
Ubusi obenziwe zizityalo ezahlukileyo, azibine vumba nencasa ezahlukileyo kuphela kodwa ziyehluka ngokufakiweyo. Umzekelo, izakhamzimba kubusi - B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, H, K, C, E, PP, provitamin A - iyenyuka ngokwenyusa umlinganiselo we pollen kubusi.
Ukwahluka ngencasa kucace gca xa kuthelekiswa ubusi obenziwe umzekelo, citrus blossoms, evakala kancinci nenencasa evakalela ezantsi ye citrus, kunye ne ntyatyambo ye eucalyptus - umbala omdaka, nencasa ezangamandla ephantse yafana nencasa yeyeza.

Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie