Isimo sezempilo sezinhlanzi sithonywe yizinto ezintathu: inhlanzi (i-host), i-pathogen (i-agent edala isifo) kanye nemvelo (amanzi).
Nakuba ukuqubuka kwezifo akuvamile emisebenzini yokulima izinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile (aquaculture), izifo eziphilayo ezingabangela ukugula nezifo zihlale zikhona emvelweni wamanzi. Abalimi kumele balondoloze isimo esihle sempilo ezinhlanzi zabo ngokuqinisekisa izinga elihle lamanzi (imvelo) futhi bahlolisise njalo ukuba khona kwezinhlanzi ezigulayo.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuphathwa kahle kwezempilo kuqala ngokuthenga inhlanzi enempilo kubaphakeli ababhalisiwe.
Izimbangela Zezinkinga Zempilo Ekufuyeni Izinhlanzi
Emiphakathini yokulima yezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile, kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani izinkinga zezempilo zezinhlanzi nezifo zingenzeka. Lokhu kungabandakanya izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa izidakamizwa nama-bacteria, umphumela wemvelo (ikhwalithi yamanzi empofu), imikhuba yokuphatha empofu kanye nanoma yisiphi isenzo/umcimbi obangela ukucindezeleka. Njalo kufanele kwenziwe ukuthinteka ukucindezeleka ezinhlanzi. Ukunakekela kufanele kuthathwe ngokuthutha nokuhamba kwezinhlanzi, ukuphatha kanye nokubeka kanye nokudla nokuvuna kwezinhlanzi.Ukuqapha izifo Zezinhlanzi
Ukuqapha impilo nenhlalakahle yezinhlanzi kuwumsebenzi wokuphatha njalo. Ukuhlolwa okubukwayo nokuqapha kufanele kwenziwe nsuku zonke lapho kudla izinhlanzi. Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo okuphelele kunokwenziwa njalo ngenyanga futhi uphenyo olunzulu kufanele lwenzeke ngokushesha uma isimo sesifo sibonakala.Ukuqapha izifo kuhlanganisa okulandelayo:
Impendulo yokudla: Ingabe inhlanzi idla kancane?
Ukuziphatha: Noma yikuphi ukuziphatha okungavamile kufanele kuqashelwe.
Ukuphefumula: Ingabe inhlanzi idla umoya?
Umswakama wokubhukuda: Ingabe inhlanzi ilenga nje emanzini?
Ukubukeka: Hlola umbala wesikhumba, ukuthungwa nanoma yimaphi amanothi abonakalayo noma izilonda.
Imvelo yamanzi: Isivivinyo sokubonakala kwamanzi, i-oxygen, izinga lokushisa, ama-pH namazinga e-ammonia.
Ukubaluleka Kokuqapha izifo Ekufuyeni Izinhlanzi?
Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha. Ukuqapha njalo kuzokusiza ukukhomba izinkinga zezinhlanzi ngokushesha uma kwenzeka lapho kugcinwa izinga elihle lamanzi (indawo enhle kakhulu) kubalulekile empilweni enhle. Ukwenza umqondo wezomnotho ukuvimbela izifo ukuba zenzeke kunokuzama ukuphatha inkinga. Okokuqala, ukwelashwa kuvame ukubiza (uhla olulinganiselwe lwemikhiqizo okusetshenziselwa inhlanzi). Okwesibili, ukwelashwa kwezifo kuyisikhathi esiningi futhi kungase kubambezele ukudayiswa kwezinhlanzi ngenxa yezikhathi zokuhoxiswa okuphoqelekile (isikhathi sokuhoxiswa yisikhathi lapho umuthi uthatha ukuze uqedwe emzimbeni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inyama iphephile ekusetshenzisweni komuntu).Izimpawu Zesifo Ezinhlanzi
Hlola lezi zibonakaliso ezivamile zempilo noma izifo ezimbi:
Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso.
Izinhlanzi ziyi-lethargic, zibhukuda kancane noma zilenga emanzini.
Ukuziphatha okungavamile njengokugqanyisa noma ukugxuma. (Ukushaywa indiza lapho inhlanzi ihlukumezela phezulu ukuze ilahle izidumbu.)
Shintsha ukubukeka - umbala uhamba, inhlanzi iba mnyama, i-mucus excess.
Izimpawu ezibonakalayo emzimbeni noma emanzini, umonakalo, izilonda noma ukubola.
Ukufa kuyanda (izinhlanzi ezifile zitholakala kaningi).
Indlela Yokuvimbela Izifo Zezinhlanzi
Ikhwalithi yamanzi omuhle emanzini asemqoka kubalulekile impilo enhle yezinhlanzi. Ukuhlanza amanzi aphilile uyosekela impendulo emihle yegciwane lengculazi kunhlanzi uma kwenzeka kwenzeka isifo.Ikhwalithi yamanzi omuhle ihlanganisa amazinga okushisa phakathi kuka-8 no-20°C, uhla lwe-pH olungeze hlangothi (pH 5 kuya ku-8), amazinga ammonia aphansi (ngaphansi kuka-1 mg/litre) namazinga aphezulu e-oksijini (ngaphezulu kuka-7 mg/litre).
Translated by Nsika Khoza