Isimo sempilo yentlanzi zakho senziwa zizinto ezintathu: intlanzi (zihlala kuyo) izifo (okwenza izifo) kunye nendawo engqungileyo (amanzi).
Nangona uqhambuko lwezifo lungaqhelekanga kwimfuyo yasemanzini ezintlanzi (aquaculture). Intsholongwane ezinokwenza izifo nezigulo zihlala zikhona emanzini. Amafama kufuneka agcine impilo intle maxa onke kwintlanzi zawo (indawo) kwaye zijonge rhoqo ubukho bezifo kwintlanzi.
Okubalulekileyo kakhulu, lulawulo lwempilo olubalulekileyo oluqala ngokuthenga iintlanzi ezisempilweni kulowo othengisa iintlanzi ngokusemthethweni.
Okwenza Iingxaki Zempilo Ekufuyeni Iintlanzi
Xa kufuywe iintlanzi ngendlela zokusigcina kumanzi acocekileyo, kukho izizathu ezininzi okokuba kutheni iingxaki zempilo yentlanzi zisenzeka. Oku kuquka izifo ezosulelayo (ezenziwa zincukuthu nentsholongwane), imiphumela yomhlaba (umgangatho ophantsi emanzini), indlela zolawulo ezingaphucukanga nalo naliphi na inyathelo/isiganeko esenza ucinezeleko. Kufuneka kwenziwe konke ekunokuthi kwehlise uxinzeleleko kwintlanzi. Kufuneka zikhathalelwe xa zisuswa kulondawo, ukuziphatha kunye nokuzicalula kananjalo nokutyisa, kunye nentlanzi ezilungele ukutyiwa.Zijongwa Njani Izifo kwi Ntlanzi
Ukuhlala uyiqaphela impilo yentlanzi ngumsebenzi owenziwa rhoqo ngabo baphetheyo. Ukuhlala uzijonga kunye nokujonga ngokuhlala kufuneka kwenziwe mihla le xa kutyiswa intlanzi. Uhlolo lwezempilo olupheleleyo kufuneka lwenziwe rhoqo ngenyanga kwaye kwenziwe uphando olupheleleyo ngoku khawuleza xa kuqapheleke isifo.Ukuqhaphelwa kwezifo kuquka:
Indlela ezibonakala ngayo xa zityiswa: Ingaba iintlanzi zitya kancinci?
Indlela yokuziphatha: Indlela yokuziphatha engaqhelekanga kufuneka iqaphelwe.
Ukuphefumla: Ingaba intlanzi ziphefumla nzima?
Indlela yokuqubha: Ingaba intlanzi zimile nje emoyeni?
Imbonakalo: Jonga ibala lesikhumba, ukuvakala kwaso esandleni nemikrwelo ebonakalayo okanye izilonda.
Indawo yamanzi: Vavanya ukubonakala kwamanzi, umya, ubushushu, ipH kunye namazinga we ammonia.
Ukubaluleka Kokujonga Izigulo Kubomi ba Kwintlanzi ezifuywe kumanzi Acocekileyo
Ukuthintela kungcono kunokunyanga. Ukuhlala ujonga kuzakunceda ubone izifo kwintlanzi ngoku khawuleza zisa sandula ukwenzeka logama kuqinisekiswa amazinga omgangatho wamanzi aphezulu (indawo elungileyo) ibalulekile kwimpilo entle yentlanzi. Kuyanceda nakwezomnotho ukuthintela izifo kungenzeki kunokuzama ukunyanga ingxaki. Okokuqala, unyango luyabiza amaxabiso aphezulu (intlobo zemveliso zamayeza ezinokusetyenziswa ngentlanzi). Okwesibini, unyango lwezifo luthabatha ixesha elininzi kwaye kungalibazisa ukuthengiswa kwentlanzi ngenxa yamaxesha ekufuneka intlanzi ziyekwe ngawo (lixesha ke elo intlanzi ithi ilithabathe uke kuphume iyeza esiswini ukuqinisekisa inyama yentlanzi ikulungele ukutyiwa luluntu).Impawu Zezifo Kwintlanzi
Intlanzi ezigulayo azikhuli kakuhle kwaye nobunzima bazo buncinci. Oku kuthetha okokuba intlanzi idinga ukutya okuninzi ukuze intlanzi ityebe okanye ikhule.Jonga ezimpawu ziqhelekileyo zempilo yentlanzi okanye izifo:
Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya.
Intlanzi zidiniwe, ziqubha ngokucotha okanye zimile emanzini.
Isimilo esingaqhelekanga esifana nokurhawulela kwintlanzi okanye ukuxhuma (‘flashing’ kuxa intlanzi izisondeza emhlabeni ukuvuthulula iincukuthu).
Ukutshintsha kwembonakalo - umbala uyatshintsha, intlanzi ibemnyama, kunye nomfinya omninzi.
Imivumbo ebonakalayo emzimbeni nasemaphikweni, umonakalo, izilonda okanye ukubola kwempiko.
Ukufa kuyanda (iintlanzi ezifileyo ezininzi ziye zifumaneke).
Ukuthintela Izifo kwi Ntlanzi
Amanzi akudidi oluphezulu aquka amazinga obushushu aphezulu aphakathi ko 8 nama 20℃, pH ekwizinga eliqhelekileyo (pH 5 ukuya ku 8), amazinga we ammonia asezantsi (angaphantsi kwe 1 mg/litha) kunye namazinga aphezulu nomoya (ongaphezulu ko 7 mg/L).
Fish Diseases – Izifo zentlanzi
Poor feed conversion – ukungafumani ukutya okaneleyo emzimbeni wentlanzi
Good Water Quality – Umgangatho wamanzi akwididi eliphezulu
Aquaculture – Impilo yezilwanyana zasemanzini
Freshwater fish farming – Ukufuya intlazi emanzini acocekileyo
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie