Ama-Khoikhoi e-Richtersveld

Iqembu Elisha Labantu

©Shem Compion

Eminyakeni engaba izinkulungwane ezimbili ezedlule, iqembu elisha labantu lafika. Babesondelene kakhulu neziChwe, nomehluko owodwa omkhulu. Babengabelusi; abalimi abahlehla emaphandleni nezimvu ezifuywayo. Kamuva, babezohlakulela izitshalo, bagcine izinkomo futhi, ngezikhathi zamakoloni, bahlanganise nezimbuzi.
Baqhubeka bezingela izilwane zasendle, bekhetha ukugcina imfuyo yabo ngezinhloso zemikhosi, kodwa ukufika kwamaKhoikhoi kwaveza ukuqala kwenkathi entsha.
Umsuka weKhoikhoi awusoze waqiniseka. Abalobi bokuqala bekoloni bathi babevela e-Asia, behamba eningizimu nxazonke zesikhukhula esikhulu. Abanye baze bathi babenemvelaphi yamaJuda.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, izazi-mlando uStow noCooke bezicabange ukuthi bavela esifundeni esikhulu samachibi enkabeni ye-Afrika ngaphambi kokufuduka phansi ogwini olusentshonalanga yesizwekazi.
Kodwa izazi-mlando zesimanje, ezifana noRichard Elphick, zenze izifundo eziningi ezithembekile zolimi lwamaKhoikhoi futhi manje kwamukelwa ukuthi bavela eZambezi Valley enyakatho yeBotswana.

Ukuguqulwa

©Shem Compion

Lapha, abelusi benza ushintsho kusuka emphakathini yokuzingela nokuqoqa kuya ekugcinweni kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Lolu hlobo 'lwezobuchwepheshe' lokulima lwavela empumalanga cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi edlule. Ifike enyakatho yeSahara eminyakeni engaba inkulungwane eziyisikhombisa eyedlule futhi yaqhubeka isakaza izwekazi lase-Afrika, lapho lamukela khona izizwe zaBantu baseNtshonalanga Afrika.
Laba bantu nabo baphatha umkhuba wokufuya lapho beqala ukuthuthela eningizimu, befinyelela eMpumalanga Afrika eminyakeni engaba izinkulungwane ezine edlule naseNingizimu Afrika esikhathini esithile kamuva.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi amaKhoikhoi athatha umkhuba wokufuya ovela kulezi zizwe zaBantu. Kodwa-ke, kunabanye abathi amaKhoikhoi athuthukise isiko lokufuya, kodwa lokhu kusaphikiswa abacwaningi.
Kunoma yikuphi, amaKhoikhoi amukele lo mqondo omusha wokulima, bathatha izimvu zabo futhi bahambela eningizimu, bewela uMfula i-Orange eduze nalapho uhlangana neVaal phakathi kweminyaka engu-2000 kuya ku-1600 edlule. Kusukela lapho, baqala ukusakaza empumalanga, eningizimu nasentshonalanga yeKapa.
Izizwe ze-Negroid Bantu, ziyingxenye zabo, ezafika eNingizimu Afrika isikhathi esifushane kamuva futhi zayohlala ogwini lasempumalanga ngasemaphandleni angaphakathi.

Izinhlanga Ezihlukene

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaKhoikhoi aba izizwe eziningana ezihlukene, ngayinye enezindawo zazo kanye nezilimi. Lamaqembu ombangazwe ahlelwa phansi ohlelweni lobukhosi, olusekelwe amakhosi, izinduna kanye nemindeni. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, kube neCochoqua neGuriqua eningizimu entshonalanga, iChaquququa, iHessequa, iGouriqua, i-Attaqua neHouteniqua empumalanga neGoringhaiqua, iGorachouqua neGoringhaikona ngaseCape Peninsula.
Emlonyeni woMfula i-Orange, amaKhoikhoi achitha amaqembu amabili. I-Namaqua Enkulu yahlala enyakatho komfula kulokho okwaba yiNamibia. I-Little Namaqua yayihlala endaweni eningizimu, isungula izinhlanga ezinhlanu phakathi koMfula i-Orange no-Vanrhynsdorp yanamuhla. Laba bantu banikeze lesi sifundazwe igama laso lanamuhla futhi yizizukulwane zabantu baseNama bamanje, abesahlala eRichtersveld.

Translated by Nsika Khoza