Ama Khoikhoi ase Richtersveld

Iqela Elitsha Loluntu

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Kwiminyaka engama 2000 eyadlulayo, iqela elitsha loluntu lafika. Babe sondele kakhulu kubaThwa, kukho umahluko omnye omkhulu. Babe ngabavangeli, namafama aqhelekileyo ababezula kwindawo ezise maphandleni nemihlambi yeegusha ezilulekiweyo ezityebileyo.
Ekugqibeleni babe khathalela izilimo, bagcine iinkomo, kwaye ngexesha lama koloni, badibanise nee bhokhwe kwimfuyo yabo. Babeqhubeka ngokuzingela izilwanyana ezidliwayo zasendle, bekhetha ukugcina Imfuyo ephilayo okokuba isetyenziswe kwimisebenzi yesintu, kodwa ke ukufika kwama Khoikhoi kwathetha ukuqala kwexesha elitsha.
Umnombo wama Khoikhoi awaziwa ncam. Ababhali bama koloni akuqala atyhola ngokuba basuka kwelase Asia, behamba emazantsi ngexesha lesi khukhula esikhulu. Abanye bade bathi bane ngcambu zase yiphutha (Hamitic) okanye ezama Yuda (Jewish).
Ekujikeni kwe nkulungwane, abembali uStow no Cooke bathetha bathi basuka kummandla womlambokazi omkhulu waphakathi e-Afrika phambi kokufudukela ngaphantsi ko nxweme lwase Ntshona lwesiqingatha selizwe iAfrika.
Kodwa abeze mbali bale mihla, abafana no Richard Elphick, benze izifundo ezingolwimi oluthethwayo ezitembekileyo ngama Khoikhoi kwaye ngoku kwamkeleka okokuba basuka kumfula iZambezi ekumantla ase Botswana.

Utshintsho

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Apha, abefundisi benza utshintsho ukususela kwindawo yabazingeli-nabaqokeleli ukuya kwi nkcubeko eyagcina izilwanyana zase makhaya. Lendlela yokulima ‘ubuchwepheshe’ babesuka kummandla wase middle East kwiminyaka engama 10 000 eyadlulayo. Yafikelela kumantla eSahara kwiminyaka engama 7000 yaqhubeka ukwanda kwilizwe lase Afrika, apho yathi yathabathwa zintlanga ze bantu zase Ntshona Afrika.
Ababantu, bona baqhubekeka nesiko lwabo lobufundisi xabeqala ukuhamba ukuhlala ngase Mazantsi, befika e-East Afrika kwiminyaka engama 4000 eyadlulayo nase mazantsi Afrika kwixesha elilandelayo. Kuthiwa ama Khoikhoi aqala isiko lobufundisi ewodwa, kodwa oku kusaxoxwa zizifundiswa ezizimiseleyo.
Kuko konke, athi ama Khoikhoi asakuyamkela lendlela intsha yokulima bathabatha iigusha zabo bayokuhlala emazantsi, benqumla umlambo iOrange River kufuphi ne Vaal phakathi kweminyaka engama 2000 kunye ne 1600 eyadlulayo. Ukususela ngalo mzumzu, baqalisa ukunonela emantla, emazantsi nase Ntshona Koloni.
Iintlanga ze Nigroid Bantu, endaweni yazo, zafika eMazantsi we Afrika, kwixesha elincinci emveni koko bahlala empuma ngase lwandle kumphakathi ongaku mmandla wolwande.

Izizwe Ezohlukileyo

Exesheni, ama Khoikhoi aziseka njenge ntlanga ezikhethekileyo, ezinendawo zazo nolwimi lwazo. Ezi zopolitiko zazi zilungiswe ngendlela ethile ngokobukhulu, ngoko bukhosi, abagadi mfuyo abazintloko, neziduko zeentsapho. Umzekelo, wawune Cochoqua ne Guriqua kumazantsi-ntshona, iChainoqua, Hessequa, Gouriqua, Attaqua ne Houteniqua empuma ne Goringhaiqua, Gorachouqua ne Goringhaikona engqunge unxweme lwase Kapa.
Kumlomo we range River, amaKhoikhoi azehlula angamaqela amabini. Ama Namaqua amakhulu ahlala emantla womlambo wendawo eyayi Namibia. iNamaqua encinci yagcwala indawo yase mazantsi, beqala iziduko ezintlanu phakathi kwe orange nendawo yale mihla eyi Vanrhynsdorp. Aba bantu banikeza inkolo igama lale mihla nemfundo yama Nama alemihla, abasahlala eRichtersveld.

Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie