Ma-Khoikhoi yale Richtersveld

Ntlawa Wuntshwa wa Vanhu

©Shem Compion

Kwalomu ka 2000 wa malembe lawa yanga hundza, ntlawa wuntshwa wa vanhu wuhumelerile. Awuri na vuxaka swinene na ma-Bushmen, laha avari na kuhambana kunwe ntsena lokukulu. Avari vafuwi va swifuwo, van’wamapurasi votshamela ku rhurha lava ava famba hiku nonoka swinene na tinyimpfu ta vona to nona mincila.
Endzhaku, vasungule na kurima swibyariwa, va fuwa tihomu naswona himinkarhi yava koloni, vakatsa na timbuti eka swifuwo swavona. Avha hlota swiharhi swale nhoveni leswaku vata endla mintirho ya xintu, kambe kufika ka ma-Khoikhoi hambiswiritano switise nxangu yintshwa.
Ntumbuluko wa ma-Khoikhoi awu tiveki kahle. Vatsari va vakoloni va khale vatile kusuka e Asia, vafamba hile dzongeni himinkarhi ya mikhukhula. Vanwana ava vula leswaku vana ntumbuluko wa Hamitic kumbe Jewish. Loko ku hela century, va swa matimu Stow na Cooke ava hleketelela leswaku vuhuma laha kungana maqhivi ya xifundzha lexinga exikarhi ka Afrika loko vanga se rhurha kukongoma e vupeladyambu bya tiko.
Kambe vativi va matimu va manguva lawa, vofana na Richard Elphick, va endlile tidyondzo to tshembeka ta ririmi ra ma-Khoikhoi naswona sweswi ta amukeleka tani hi leti sunguleke e Zambezi Valley e n’walungwini wa Botswana.

Ku Hundza

©Shem Compion

Laha, vafuwi va swifuwo va hundzile kuya eka rixaka ra hunter-gatherer eka ndzhavuko lowu awu hlayisa swifuwo swale kaya. Ndlela leyi ya mafuwelo ‘technology’ yisungule e middle east kwalomu ka 10 000 wa malembe lawa hundzeke. Vafikile e n’walungwini wa Sahara kwalomu ka 7000 wa malembe lawa ya hundzeke naswona vahangalakile na tiko nkulu ra Afrika, laha vanga fika va tekiwa hi tinxaka ta Bantu ta West Africa.
Vanhu lava hile tlhelo, avari na mintolovelo yavufundhisi eka vona laha loko vasungula kurhurhela e dzongeni, kuya fika e East Africa kwalomu ka 4000 wa malembe lawa ya hundzeke nale dzongeni wa Afrika endzhaku nyana.
Ku ehleketiwa leswaku ma-Khoikhoi vakume matirhelo ya vufuwi bya swifuwo kusuka eka tinxaka ta Bantu. Hambiswiritano, kuna lava vangana vutivi lava vulaka leswaku ma-Khoikhoi vatumbuluxe ndzhavuko wa vufuwi bya swifuwo hi voxe kambe leswi kaha njhekanjhekisaniwa hiswona exikarhi ka lava vanga dyondza.
Hambiswiritano, loko ma-Khoikhoi va amukele maendlelo yantshwa ya vufuwi, vateke tinyimpfu ta vona kutani vatifambela vakongoma e dzongeni, vatsemakanya nambu wa Orange River kusuhi nalaha wu hlanganaka na nambu wa Vaal exikarhi ka malembe ya 2000 na 1600 wa malembe lawa ya hundzeke. Kusuka laha, vasungule ku hangalaka kuya evuhuma dyambu, dzongeni, nale vupela dyambu bya Cape.
Tinxaka ta Negroid Bantu, eka vona, vafikile e Dzongeni wa Afrika endzhaku ka nkarhi nyana kutani vafika vatshama hile vuhuma dyambu.

Tinxaka to Hlawuleka

Hinkarhi walowo ma-Khoikhoi avatitivisa tani hi nhlayo ya tinxaka to hlawuleka, wun’wana na wun’wana wuva na ndzhawu ya vona na mavulavulelo. Swiphemu leswi swa tipolotiki swilulamisiwile hikuya matirhelo yokarhi, kuya hi vuhosi, tindhuna na mindyangu. Xikombiso, akuri na Cochoqua na Guriqua e dzongeni vupela dyambu, Chainoqua, Hessequa, Gouriqua, Attaqua na Houteniqua evuhuma dyambu nale Goringhaiqua, Gorachouqua na Goringhaikona e Cape Peninsula.
E non’weni wa nambu wa Orange River, ma-Khoikhoi va avanile hi mintlawa yimbirhi. Rixaka ra Namaqua vatshame e nwalungwini wa nambu eka laha kunga hundzuka Namibia. Rixaka ra Namaqua rifike ri tshama hile dzongeni, vas ungula tinxaka ta ntlhanu exikarhi ka Orange River na laha namuntlha hinge hile Vanrhynsdorp. Vanhu lava vanyike ndzhawu liya vito rintshwa naswona vasunguri va rixaka ra Nama ra namuntlha, lava vaha tshamaka e Richtersveld.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni