Ku Hambana Exikarhi ka ma-Bushmen na ma-Khoikhoi

Ku Hlangana ka Mindzhavuko

©Shem Compion

Hambi leswi ma-khoikhoi na ma-Bushmen vangana vuxaka, hinkwaswo swa ngati na ririmi, ku fanele kuve na kuhlangana ka mindzhavuko loko mintlawa leyi yihlangana rosungula. Ma-Khoikhoi, eka xiphemu xavona, ava risa mintlhambi ya vona hi xiyimo xale henhla swinene, leswi ava switeka kuri xikombiso xa xiyimo erixakeni na mfuwo. Swiharhi aswitekiwa tani hi nhundzu ya munhu, leswi swinga endla leswaku mindyangu leyingana swifuwo swotala ayitekiwa tani hi mindyangu leyinga fuma swinene, kasi leyi yingana swifuwo swintsongo ayi xaniseka hikuva ayi vanele yitirha na mintirho ya xiyimo xale hansi eka mindyangu leyi fumeke. Leswi akuri goza ra nkoka swinene loko ku pimanyisiwa na mahanyelo ya mintlawa ya ma-Bushman, lava ma-Khoikhoi ava mavonela e bodlheleni.
Hambi vito ra ma-‘Khoikhoi’ (leswivulaka ‘men of men’) ari yimela ku vahambanyisa eka ma-Bushmen, lava ava tekiwa vari va xiyimo xale hansi lexivuriwaka ‘Sonqua’ kumbe ‘San’ (leswivulaka ‘men with nothing’). Hikokwalaho ka sweswo, ma-Bushmen oytala aya tsan’wa rito ra ‘San’ hikuva avari fananisa na ndzhukano.

Ku Hambana ka Mahanyelo

Se, rixaka ra ma-Khoikhoi na ra ma-Bushmen a vahanya vutomi byo hambana, kuya hi mahanyelo ya laha ava tshama kona na leswi avari na swona. Loko switetano, akuri na nkwetlembetano e henhla ka mati, switirhisiwa na laha ava tshama kona. Xikan’we na leswi ma-Khoikhoi avahari va hloti lavakulu swinene na mphikizano ehenhla ka swiharhi swale nhoveni awuri e henhla swinene. Kuringana nkarhi woleha, hambiswiritano, mintlawa leyimbirihi ayi kota kukuma ndlela leyi va hanyisanaka hayona kahle na mindzhavuko yavona yohlawuleka leyi avari na yona kuringana kwalomu ka 1500 wa malembe – kufikela loko kuta fika ma-Europeans kutani va pfindlusa mati.
Akuri na nkarhi laha ma-Bushmen vanga kuma mintirho eka mindyangu ya ma-Khoikhoi, varisa swifuwo swa vona, kuva phakela vulombe kumbe tindlela to endla mpfula leswaku vona vata kuma swakudya. E Richtersveld, hambiswiritano, ma-Bushmen valanguteka onge varhurhile eka ndzhawu liya endzhaku kaloko kutava ku fike ma-Khoikhoi (e handle ka rixaka rintsongo ra Strandloper leringaya emahlweni ritshama ekusuhi na lwandle). Leswi swingava swivangiwe hiku rhurha lokungava kona loko vasungula ku hlanganisiwa nava Namaqua. Handle ka sweswo, leyi ahi ndzhawu leyingata kota kuseketal vanhu votala ngopfu.

Varisi na Vahloti

Richard Elphick, mutivi wa matimu wa ximanguva lawa, hitlhelo rin’wana, ari na vutiwi lebyi abyinga kambisisiwangiki bya leswaku kuhambana erikarhi varisis na vahloti lava kunga vona avari na mali yotala, leswi aswiya hi nkateko tani hileswi axiri xiswona eka economics. Eka Elphick, ma- Khoikhoi nama-Bushmen avari vanhu laha ava fana swinene. Leswi aswivula leswaku rixaka ra ma-Khoikhoi aswiri olovela ku lahlekeriwia hi mintlhambi hi dyandza kumbe kuyiviwa na mavabyi, leswi swinga endla leswaku vatlhelela eka tindlela tavona taku hlota no fuwa swiharhi kufana na xiraka ra-Bushmen.
Tani hileswi aswi tekiwa tani hindlela yo hlawuleka ya vutomi, rixaka ra ma-Khoikhoi leri ariri na milorho ngopfu a ri ringeta ku aka rifuwo rarona hiku yiva swifuwo kumbe ku cincana hambi kuri kutirha. Vatirhise mamendlelo lawa ayari na vufundhisi ngopfu vs. ku hlota. Kuya hi vumbhoni bya archaeology, hambi swiritano, aswitikomba leswaku himpela akuri na mintlawa yimbirhi yohlawuleka eka rixaka ra ma-Khoi-San. Kambe maendlelo ya Elphick yaha tirhisiwa swinene himinkarhi ya colonial, loko ma-Europeans vatisa ntshikelelo eka mahanyelo ya ndzhavuko eka vanhu va xintu vale Cape.

Mahanyelo yo Tshamela Kufamba Famba

Ku ceriwa hiti Archaeologist kutlhela ku kombeta kuhlangana exikarhi ka swifuwo swale kaya na swivumbiwa. Leswi swi endliwa hikuva van’wamapurasi ava hlayisa swakudya leswi salaka, kasi vahloti va dya swakudya swavona hinkwaswo swihelela kwalano. Vukona bya swibye swohlayisela swakudya leswikulu switikomba swinene leswaku rixaka ra ma-Khoikhoi aringa tshameli ku rhurha loko ku pimanyisiwa na ma-Bushmen. Leswi aswiri kahle hikuva swifuwo swavona aswitisa nhlayiseko wa swakudya, leswi aswi endla leswaku vanga fambi ngopfu naswona aswi endla leswaku vakota ku hlayisa rixaka endzhawini yin’we. Hambiswiritano, rixaka ra ma-Khoikhoi ariya e mahlweni ri hanya hindlela leyi yo tshamela ku rhurha endzhawini, ri famba na tinguva varikarhi va hlota madyelo ya kahle ya swifuwo swa vona.
Rixaka rin’wana na rin’wana, ari hetelela riva na vulawuri eka ndzhawu yo karhi naswona swirho swa rixaka rero aswikota ku famba famba eka misava yoleyo hi maendlelo ya ximunhu kuya hitinguva. Leswi hiswona swinga endla leswaku ku akiwa tiyindlu letintsongo ta matjieshuise kumbe |haru oms leti ati kota ku endliwa hi tipala na laha swifuwo swinga nwaka kona mati kuya himinkarhi eka lembe hinkwaro. Minkarhi yin’wana, vanhu vale handle ava pfumelelriwa kutirhisa misava ya rixaka leri ntsena loko vahakela swokarhi eka hosi ya ndzhawu yaleyo. Akungari na nkarhi, hambiswiritano, laha misava ayi pfumeleriwa kuva yiva ya munhu wokarhi. Lawa akuri maendlelo yaku rima kumbe ku fuwa eka rixaka leri tshamelaka ku rhurha leswi na sweswi swaha endliwaka e Richtersveld World Heritage Site.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni