Intengiso Yenyama ye Bhokhwe eMzantsi Afrika

Intengiso yenyama yebhokhwe eMzantsi Afrika isezantsi xa ithelekiswa nenyama yegusha, igusha esencinci nezinye iinyama ezibomvu. Zininzi izizathu zoku kodwa ijongiswa kubuncinane bokufumaneka kwenyama yebhokhwe kwivenkile zokutya ezinkulu nolwazi olunqongopheleyo lwabathengi nendlela yokucinga malunga ngezinongo ezifumaneka kwinyama yebhokhwe noncedo lwayo.

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Abavelisi bohlobo le bhokhwe iBoer babonakaliswa yimibutho eyaziwa ngokuba yi Breeder Association efana ne Boerbok SA. Uhlobo lwenyama yebhokhwe yesintu ulawulo lwayo alohlulwanga ngokwe phondo okanye ngobobume belizwe, kodwa bakhona abavelisi abangapha kwama 40 ababhalisiweyo abavelisa iibhokhwe zesintu eziphantsi kwe Indigenous Veld Goat South Africa (IVG SA). I- IVG SA ejongene kakhulu nokuphuhlisa imfuyo yeebhokhwe kunye nentengiso yenyama yebhokhwe.
Kananjalo, indlela yentengiso esebenzayo ngoncedo lwabathengisi/ nabafake imali kwintengiso yeebhokhwe iye yasekwa kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo. Ngenxa yezidingo zebhokhwe eziphezulu kwintengiso zabucala nenani elingonelanga lebhokhwe, amafama azifumana ngamaxabiso aphantsi, ingakumbi ngamaxesha athile enyakeni, oku kudityaniswa nemibhiyozo yesintu.
Uninzi lwenyama yebhokhwe ethengiswa eMzantsi Afrika ithengisa bucala, kwintengiso zabucala ukuze ixhelwe kwimisebenzi yenkolo okanye yesintu. Iibhokhwe ezithengiswa ngqo efama zinga nenyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezi ntandathu nangaphezulu. Oku kudityaniswa nebhokhwe i-Angora esele zindala eziye zifumaneke ngexesha elithile lonyaka, ezibhokhwe zineminyaka ( iminyaka engapha kwesihlanu – 5), ikakhulu intengiso yenziwa zi arhente KwaZulu-Natal.
Kwintengiso kuluntu, inyama yebhokhwe ithengiswa kwizilarha zama Muslim eLenasia, Johannesburg neevenkile zakwa Spar ezithile nakwi zilarha kwilizwe jikelele.
Ukususela ngonyaka ka 2013 ukuya ku 2018 ivenkile ezinkulu Shoprite Checkers yenza intengiso ye Chevon, enombhalo obhalwe CHEVON. Umkhangaso oluqilima wokufundisa abathengi nge chevon wenziwa yinkampani yabucala ngonyaka ka 2004. iKalahari Kid Corporation (KCC) yaphumelela ekubekeni ichevon kwindawo zokuba abathengi bathathe kuzo evenkileni kwivenkile zentengiso yokutya ezininzi eMzantsi Afrika (Pick & Pay, Checkers Hypermarket no Spar) ze benza umkhankaso wokufundisa abathengi ngezondlo ezibalaseleyo zenyama ichevon.

©Lourens Erasmus
iKALAHARI Kid Corporation lisebe elime bucala eliphantsi kwe Northern Cape Provincial Government kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi ‘Special Purpose Vehicle’(SPV), isetyenziswa ukupapasho intengiso yenyama yebhokhwe kwiphondo iNorthern Cape. Injongo kukwandisa oku nakwamanye amaphondo eMzantsi Afrika. i-KCC iyawanceda namanye amaphondo nokuseka intengiso yenyama yebhokhwe ezaziwa ngokuba zi co-operatives. Oku kunganceda amafama ebhokhwe asakhasayo ukuze akwazi ukuziphuhlisa, kwaye nokuxhomekeka komhlaba okhoyo, bakhule ekuthengiseni iibhokhwe. Iibhokhwe eziphilayo zithengwa kumafama asakhasayo kwaye nokuwa quka kwintengiso.
i-Indigenous Veld Goat South Africa (IVG SA) icebisa okokuba kunikezwe ingqwalasela ekuphuhliseni intengiso yenyama yebhokhwe. Oku kuzakunceda ukwandisa intengiso ukuze kwande nabathengi nemfuno zabo. Konke oko kungakhuthaza abanikazi bemfuyo okokuba bafuye neebhokhwe endaweni yokuba bazikhulisele ukuzithengisa kuphela. ‘Ukuthengiseka kwenyama yebhokhwe kungenyusa ukuxhelwa kwebhokhwe kwiintengiso ezisemthethweni kwaye inyuse nengeniso esuka ekufuyeni iibhokhwe,’ iyacebisa i-IVG SA.

Imfundiso Kubathengi

©SAMIC
Abaphambili apha eMzantsi Afrika kumcimbi wokufuya iibhokhwe bayavumelana okokuba imfundiso kubathengi yeyona nto iyakuthi incede ukunyusa intengiso yenyama yebhokhwe kwivenkile zentengiso kweli. Isifundo sophando esenziwe yi University of Pretoria sokuvavanya iingcinga zabathengi nge nyama ebomvu nendlela ecalulwa ngayo lufumanise okokuba abo bafumana umvuzo ophantsi, abanalo ulwazi oluphangaleleyo ngocalu-calulo lwenyama ebomvu.
Nangona abo barhola imali eninzana (middle class) nabo bazizityebi banolwazi olunqongopheleyo, ama 50% wababathengi bajonga uphawu. Zikhona ke ezinye izinto eziye zabonakala zibalulekile nangaphezulu ukuzijonga, ziquka umgangatho, ukutyeba kunye nembonakalo.

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Esinye isifundo esenziwe ngo 2005 ngu L Simela we University of Pretoria sibonakalise abathengi ( abarhola imali ezohlukileyo, kanye abohluke nangeminyaka) ngamaqela amabini nenyama yebhokhwe yathelekiswa neye gusha neye takane legusha. Ngaphandle komahluko wokuthamba phakathi kwe gusha nebhokhwe (imisipha yebhokhwe iqinile kuneye gusha), abathengi bafumanise inyama ye gusha nebhokhwe ezilinganayo ngeminyaka (2-6 iminyaka ngamazinyo) zamkelekile.
Kufumaniseke okokuba amazinga emfundiso kubathengi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekwamkeleni indlela nenjongo yokutya inyama yebhokhwe. Isifundo siqukumbele okokuba inyama yebhokhwe yamkelekile kubathengi beli lo Mzantsi Afrika njenge nyama yegusha yamkelekile, xa inyama iyeyebhokhwe ekwiminyaka emibini ukuya ngezantsi.

Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie