Ilitshi zizi qhamo ezithanda indawo eshushu ezisuka eChina kwaye kudala zalinywa khona iinkulungwane. Nangona uMzantsi Afrika, ngexesha lonyaka omhle kwisivuno, ungaba ngelinye lamazwe akwizinga leshumi (10) labavelisi be litshi kwilizwe jikelele nemveliso yama 8 000 we toni, isesemva kwi China evelisa iitoni ezingama 200 000, leyo ke yabayimveliso yonyaka ka 2018 eyayisuka eChina.
Iindawo Zemveliso Ye Litshi eMzantsi Afrika
I-Litshi zikhula kakuhle kwindawo eshushu, efumileyo, kunye nendawo ezingenalo ikhephu kwindawo ezise mazantsi ezishushu zase Mzantsi Afrika, ingakumbi kwindawo ezise Mantla-Mpuma zase Mzantsi Afrika.
Kwimveliso ye Litshi yeli lo Mzantsi Afrika, 60% isuka kwimi mandla esezantsi eMpumalanga esuka kwidolophu ezifana ne Nelspruit (Naspoti), Hazyview ne Malelane. Enye i38% yelitshi zelo Mzantsi Afrika zisuka eLimpopo - Tzaneen zidolophu ezivelisa ilitshi kakhulu ezinye zisuka kwezinye iindawo ezifana nephondo la KwaZulu-Natal.
Indawo epheleleyo etyaliweyo ene litshi eMzantsi Afrika yayingu 1 124ha ngonyaka ka 2016.
Ixesha Le Litshi eMzantsi Afrika
Ixesha le litshi eMzantsi Afrika liqala phakathi kwinyanga ka Okthobha kwindawo zangexesha zase Malelane nase Komatipoort eMpumalanga, liyenyuka ngenyanga ka Disemba ze liphele ekupheleni kwenyanga ka Februwari, ze iziqhamo zikhiwe eNelspruit, Tzaneen nase Louis Trichardt.
Inkcukacha Manani Ze Litshi eMzantsi Afrika
Xa kuthabathwa amanani wemveliso afumaneke kwi Sebe Lezolimo, Amahlathi kunye nee Ntlanzi (DAFF) lichaza okokuba ‘intengiso ye South African Litchi Market Value Chain’ eshicilelwe ngonyaka ka 2017 ibonise imveliso yonyaka ingama 8 411 we toni, malunga nama 55% yathengiswa kumazwe angaphandle, ze ama 32% yasetyenziswa kwezinye iimveliso. Intsalela ye 13% yathengiswa kwintengiso yeli lo Mzantsi Afrika, uninzi lwayo kwintengiso zabathengisi abathengisa naphi, onozitendi. Kwintengiso kumazwe angaphandle, malunga nama 90% iya e-European Union, ingakumbi kwelase Netherlands.
Ixabiso le litshi kwintengiso yamazwe angaphandle yango 2016 yaba zizigidi zerandi ezingama 760 million. Isivuno sango 2018/19 se toni ezingama 4 800, saba sezantsi xa kufaniswa nama 10 400 we toni eziveliswe ngo 2017/18. Oku kwenziwa kakhulu sisimo sezulu esingekhontle ngexesha lokudubula kwayo, iziqhamo zivuthwa kunye noku khula kwesiqhamo kwimveliso yakuqala kwimimandla yase Mpumalanga.
Imveliso Ye Litshi Ku Mazwe Jikelele
Malunga nama 96% ye litshi yemveliso yelizwe isuka eNorthern Hemisphere nase China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, ne India ngawona mazwe avelisa kakhulu. Ilizwe lase China lelona livelisa iLitshi kakhulu kwilizwe lonke kwaye linegalelo elimalunga nama 70% wemveliso yelizwe.
Lamazwe i-Afrika, Australia, ne Madagascar ngabavelisi be Northern Hemisphere. Ilizwe lase Australia linexesha elide kakhulu lemveliso ye Litshi kwaye livelisa ilitshi ukusuka ngo Okthobha ukuya ekuqaleni kwenga ka April nangona iMadagascar ilelona lizwe lithengisela i-Europe ilitshi. Uninzi lwe Malagasy litshi yimithi ekhula endle kwaye ayinazo iinkumbi.
Imvelaphi Yoku Linywa Kwe Litshi
I-Litshi yeyaku Mazantsi we China nase namantla ase Vietnam kwaye ibilinywa khona iinkulungwane ezininzi. Yathi yanonela kwelase India ngeminyaka yama 1700’s kwaye yanonela kwintshona emveni kokufumaniswa kwe China nguno mishini wase Polland. Ukulinya kwe litshi kwaqala kwi West Indies ngonyaka ka 1775 yakhuliswa kwizindlu eziluhlaza eBritain nase France ekuqaleni kwama 1800s.
Kuqikelelwa okokuba iilitshi zaziswa kwelase Mzantsi Afrika ngeminyaka yama 1870s ukusuka Mauritius, apho izilimo esele zityalwe ilitshi zisuka khona. Umthi wokuqala we litshi watyalwa kwii gadi yeentyatyambo yase Thekwini ze yanona ukuya eMpumalanga engenawo umbethe kunye nase Limpopo.
Iqela iSouth African Litchi Grower’s Association (SALGA) yasekwa ngo 1975. I-SALGA incedisa kuphando malunga ne litshi, kwaye ixhasa abavelisi ngolwazi malunga nelitshi nolwazi lwentengiso kwaye iqala intengiso ezintsha ze litshi.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie