Tinombhela i mihandzu ya tropical leyi tumbulukeke e China naswona ti rimiwile kona kuringana malembe lawa yotala. Hambi leswi Afrika Dzonga, eka lembe ra kahle, yingavaka rin’wana ra vahumelerisi vale henhla va khume va tinombhela emisaveni hinkwayo hi vuhumelerisi bya 8 000 tonnes, rahari endzhaku swinene ka China leyingana 200 000 tonnes, leswi akuri vuhumelerisi bya vona bya 2018.
Tindzhawu ta Vuhumelerisi bya Tinombhela e Afrika Dzonga
Tinombhela tikula kahle laha kuhisaka, kutsakama, kutlhela kungavi na gwitsi eka tindzhawu letinga subtropical ta Afrika Dzonga, ngopfu ngopfu eka swiphemu swa nwalungu vuhuma dyambu swa Afrika Dzonga.
Eka vuhumelerisi bya tinombhela e Afrika Dzonga, 60% yihuma eka ndzhawu leyi hisaka ya Lowveld ya Mpumalanga kusuka emadorobeni ya Nelspruit, Hazyview na Malelane. Yin’wana ya 38% ya tinombhela ta Afrika Dzonga yi huma e Limpopo - Tzaneen hiyona muhumelerisi nkulu - kutani letin’wana tihuma eka tindzhawu tofana na xifundzha xa KwaZulu-Natal.
Ndzhawu hinkwayo leyi byariweke tinombhela e Afrika Dzonga ayiri 1 124ha hi 2016.
Nguva ya Tinombhela e Afrika Dzonga
Nguva ya tinombhela e Afrika Dzonga yisungula exikarhi ka October e tindzhawini ta Malelane na Komatipoort e Mpumalanga, yiva emaninginingini hi December kutani yi hela emakumu ka February hi mihandzu leyi khiwaka e Nelspruit, Tzaneen nale Louis Trichardt.
Tinhlayo Nhlayo ta Tinombhela e Afrika Dzonga
Kuteka tinhlayo ta vuhumelerisi kusuka eka xiviko xa Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), xa ‘South African Litchi Market Value Chain’ lexi humesiweke hi 2017 xikombisa swinene leswaku vuhumelerisi bya lembe bya 8 411 tonnes, kwalomu ka 55% yi xaviseriwe matiko mambe kutani 32% yitirhisiwe ku endla swin’wani switirhisiwa. Leyi saleke ya 13% yi xaviseriwe timakete ta Afrika Dzonga, totala hi vaxavisi lavanga tsarisiwangiki. Eka leti xaviseriweke matiko mambe, kwalomu ka 90% yiye eka European Union, ngopfu ngopfu e Netherlands.
Ntsengo wa tinombhela leti xaviseriweke eka matiko mambe hi 2016 akuri R760 million.
Swibyariwa swa 2018/2019 swa kwalomu ka 4 800 tonnes, aswiri ehansi swinene loko ku pimanyisiwa na 10 400 tonnes leswi humelerisiweke hi 2017/2018. Leswi switala ku vangiwa hi maxelo yoka yangari kahle hinkarhi waku huma mabilomu, ku veka mihandzu naku kula ka mihandzu ekusunguleni ka vuhumelerisi e tindzhawini ta Mpumalanga.
Vuhumelerisi bya Tinombhela Emisaveni Hinkwayo
Kwalomu ka 96% wa vuhumelerisi bya tinombhela bya misava hinkwayo byi suka e Northern Hemisphere laha China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand na India vanga va humelerisi nkulu. China hi tona muhumelerisi nkulu wa tinombhela emisaveni hinkwayo naswona ri hoxa xandla hikwalomu ka 70% wa vuhumelerisi bya misava hinkwayo.
Africa, Australia na Madagascar i vahumelerisi vale Southern Hemisphere. Australia yina nguva ya vuhumelerisi yo leha swinene naswona yinga humelerisa kusukela hi October kuya emasunguleni ya April loko tiko ra Madagascar riri rona muphakeri nkulu wa misava hinkwayo wa tinombhela kuya e Europe. Vuhumelerisi byotala bya tinombhela ta Malagasy byi suka eka misinya leyi milaka enhoveni naswona ayi tirhiseriwi swidlaya switsotswana.
Matimu ya Vurimi bya Tinombhela
Tinombhela ekaya ka tona hileka swiphemu swale dzongeni wa China nale nwalungwini wa Vietnam naswona tibyariwile kuringana malembe lawa yotala. Switlulele natiko ra India hiva 1700s naswona swingava swihangalakele evupela dyambu endzhaku kaloko swithumbhiwile e China hi Polish missionary. Kurimiwa ka tinombhela swisungule e West Indies hi 1775 naswona ati byariwa eka ti greenhouses e Britain nale France ekusunguleni ka malembe yava 1800s.
Tinombhela tingava titisiwe e Afrika Dzonga kwalomuya ka malembe yava 1870s kusuka e Mauritius, laha kunga tumbuluka kona muxaka wa tinombhela leti byariwaka sweswi. Nsinya wa nombhela wosungula wubyariwile Botanical Gardens e Durban kutani wusungula kuhangalaka na tindzhawu letingariki na gwitsi ta Mpumalanga na Limpopo.
Nhlangano wa South Africa Litchi Growers' Association (SALGA) wu simekiwile hi 1975. SALGA yi pfuneta hi vulavisisi bya tinombhela, leswi seketelaka varimi hi vutivi bya vuthekiniki na ti maketeke xikan’we na ku tumbuluxiwa ka timakete tintshwa ta tinombhela.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni