Swilo Swankoka eka Kufuwa Tihlampfi
Swilo swinharhu swa nkoka loko ungase sungula bindzu rotani hira aquaculture. Mufuwi wuntshwa wa tihlampfi uta lava:Kungu ra bindzu
Xivumbeko ra vuaki
Kungu ro tirha
Xobiha hileswaku, vuxokoxoko lebyi byo kunguhata byitala ku kumeka eka vanhu kumbe swilo leswi swinyikaka vuxokoxoko lebyinga hundzeriwa kumbe byinga lulamangi xikan’we na data. Minkarhi yo hlaya minhlangano leyi tirhaka kahle eka vutlakusi byaha endla swihoxo leswinga sungula ku endliwa hiku tsandzeka ka aquaculture hi malembe yava 1960. Naswona tiprojeke leti ta tsandzeka nakambe.
Eka Afrika hinkwayo, hikuma ti ponds letintsongo, letingana mati lawa ya vonakalaka, mati yoka yinga entangi, titala kuva tiri na xitoko xotala xati mongrel fingerlings letinga tivekeki ntumbuluko wa tona. Ku phameriwa ka tihlampfi eka matirhelo lawa swile hansi, vulawuri abyi kona naswona loko tiprojeke leti tinga humeleli, ku tsundzuxiwa ka minhlangano swiva se swihundzeriwile.
Tikhamphani ta Vanhu
Nhluvukiso wa aquaculture yale makaya yilava kutiyimisela lokukulu swinene kusuka eka mfumo xikan’we na yin’wana minhlangano leyi hlohletelaka kutirhisiwa ka vutshila lebyi lulameleke kusuka eka tikhamphani ta vanhu. Tikhamphani leti ta vanhu tinga pfuneta swinene eka ku pfapfarhuta kungu ra bindzu, xivumbeko xa purasi xikan’we na vuleteri bya van’wamapurasi vantshwa va tihlampfi.Kuna mabindzu lawa ya tirhaka kahle ya tihlampfi naswona yatirhisiwa eka matiko yofana na China, Thailand, Indonesia, Bangladesh xikan’we nale matiko xikaya yale Dzongeni nale xikarhi ka Amerika. Mabindzu lawa ya tihlampfi lawa yanga humelela yatirhisa ti ponds letinga nonisiwa xikan’we naku phameriwa letinga emisaveni. Ti ponds leti tina swita ndzhaku swakahle leswingana nkoka eka vufuwi bya tihlampfi tale matiko xikaya loku humelelaka: makhombo yale hansi, akutshemberiwi eka matimba yotala, kulaveka ka vuswikoti byale hansi xikan’we na vuhumelerisi bya xiyimo xale henhla, laha kuhumelerisiwaka ku fika eka 18 tons wa tihlampfi hi hectare. Mafuwelo lawa ya tihlampfi yana matirhelo ya kahle lawa yanga landzeleriwaka naswona ya tirhisiwa e tikweni ra Afrika Dzonga. Mintumbuluxo ya aquaculture yi olovile swinene kambe yina vutlharhi naswona ayi tumbeteki.
Kufanele ku landzelerisiwa swinene eka matumbuluxelo ya pond xikan’we na maakelo ya ti ponds leti ta misava, vulawuri bya khwalithi ya mati, ku cheriwa ka tihlampfi na ku nonisiwa ka mati, ku pfumelela kukula ka ntumbuluko ka swakudya. Vuxokoxoko eka ti pond to fuwela tihlampfu ku xavisa naswona swa kumeka.
Ku Letela Vafuwi va Tinhlampfi Vantshwa
Swa hlohleteriwa swinene kutlakusiwa ka aquaculture yale makaya leswaku yilangutisa swinene eka nseketelo wa timali kusuka eka tikhamphani toka tingari ta mfumo letikombisaka xikan’we na switirhisiwa swa vuleteri bya vufuwi bya tihlampfi. Switirhisiwa leswi aswifanelanga kuva swiri swa thekinoloji yale henhla, xikan’we naku nga twisiseki.Switirhisiwa swa vuleteri bya van’wamapurasi vantshwa va tihlampfi aswifanelangi kuva swiri ekule swinene na tindzhawu letingana swilaveko swa vaaki kumbe eka maxelo lawa yanga susiwa kukufumela lokuu lavekaka. Swa antswa, switirhisiwa swo kombisa swiva switshame laha kungana swilaveko kona, eka tindzhawu tale hansi ta vaaki vale matiko xikaya. Switirhisiwa leswi swa nkombiso swifanele kuva swifana naleswi vaaki vale makaya vangata swilava ku aka naku humelela eka ti projeke ta vona.
Kungu ra bindzu leri kongomisiweke eka mabindzu lawa ya humeleleke rita pfuna kuhlengeleta mali kutlula lawa ya ringetaka kukuma timali kuriku ya tika naswona yana thekinoloji yoka yinga tshamisekangi ya Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS), hi xitalo eka vulavisisi xikan’we na xiteji xa nhluvukiso, leswingariki na matimu lawa ya kombaka ku humelela.
Vufuwi bya tihlampfi lebyi humelelaka byikona laha handle, hi xitalo e Asia, kambe sweswi byi tele swinene e Afrika, ngopfu ngopfu e tikweni ra Zambia. Hi fanele ku encenyeta leswi va endlisaka xiswona.Translated by Ike Ngobeni