Mavabyi eka Timbuti

Ku phamela timbuti na nsivelo wa mavabyi kufana na nsawutiso naku lawula switswongangati kusukela eka kutiyisisa rihanyo ra timbuti, hambi swiritano, swifuwo switshama swiri e khombyeni ra mavabyi, switswongangati, swiyimo swa kugayela na swithyakisi. Swahatetano, van’wamapurasi vangaha endla swotala ku sivela kumbe ku hunguta mavabyi eka timbuti ta vona. Loko mafu yatshuka yava kona, swina nkoka leswaku Dokodela wa swifuwo a endla vukamberi bya ntsumbu kukuma xivangelo xa rifu. Leswi swinga sivela kuhangalaka ka mavabyi naku pfuneta ku antswisa vulawuri bya rihanyo e purasini.

Swakudya Kutiyisisa Rihanyo ra Timbuti

©Marinda Louw

Swakudya swakahle swina nkoka ku aka rihanyo ra kahle eka timbuti. Nkarhi wunwana swakudya swo engetelela swa laveka loko madyelo yanga tsakisi kumbe yari ya xiyimo xale hansi. Leswi swingava na xiave xikulu xa kahle eka xiyimo xa timbuti ta wena, ngopfu ngopfu loko madyelo yangari kahle.
Minkarhi ya nkoka yo engetelela swakudya i:
Flush feeding: mavhiki ya 2 loko kungase sungula nkarhi wa masangu na mavhiki ya 3 eka nkarhi masangu (mating). Vana vaxisati lavangana matinu ya mbirhi (12 - 18 wa tinhweti hi vukhale) vafanele ku tekeriwa enhlokweni. Loko kuriku kuphamela swakudya swa durha, phamela kahle eka nkarhi wokoma, unga phameli swakudya swintsongo eka nkarhi woleha.
Pregnancy: Phamela swakudya swo engetelela kusuka hi siku ravu 90 ro biha emirini. Leswi swina nkoka nalaha kungana madyelo yakahle. Ta xisati leti vafanele kuva na matimba kambirhi kumbe kanharhu (ku phamela nwana loyi angale ndzeni) kutlula letinga bihangiki emirini.
Lactation: Swakudya swo engetelela swa laveka eka mavhiki yosungula ya mphakelo wa masi.
Weaned kids (swimbutani leswi lumuriwaka): swiphameli ‘creep feed’ loko swinga se lumuriwa leswaku swita tolovela. Ntshikelelo waku lumuriwa wungava na xiave xikulu eka kukula ka swimbutani.
Ku phamela swakudya swo engetelela eka timbuti ta xisati na swimbutani eka switeji leswi swa nkoka swisivela kuva na ku lahlekeriwa hi ndzhwalo, ku lova ka swimbutani na swimbutani swoka swinga tiyelangi. Nhlayo ya swimbutani (nhlayo ya swimbutani leswi tswalaka hi mbuti yin’we hi lembe), rihanyo, rivilo ro kula xikan’we na vuhumelerisi bya mohair ya timbuti ta Angora swinga antswisiwa hiku nyikela swakudya swo engetelela. Timbuti tidya byasi reivaleni na swimilani swotala leswingana ti minerali tale henhla kutlula madyelo. Timbuti swinga tika kuva tipfumala ti minerali kutlula tinyimpfu, kambe ti vitamin na ti minerali swifanele kuva kona 4 - 6 wa mavhiki loko kungase tswariwa vana hinkarhi wa dyandza.

Vulawuri Bya ti Parasite eka Kufuwa Timbuti

©Marinda Louw

Wireworm na brown stomach worm (hinkwaswo i tinxaka ta manyokanyokani) hiwona mavabyi lawakulu lawa ya xungetaka timbuti. Coccidiosis iya n’wana manyokanyokani yantolovelo lawa ya hlaselaka swimbutani kusukela eka 4 wa mavhiki kuya eka 5 wa tinhweti naswona ya tshikela na matandza ya coccidia parasite lawa ya ngenaka laha ku gayeriwaka swakudya. Swikumeka eka madyelo, mati naswona hixitalo eka mavele ya mbuti eka leti mamisaka. Swikoweto swa wona swikatsa ku chuluka, mitsakamiso leyingana ngati naku heleriwa hi matimba.
Ntshikelelo (wofana naku lumuriwa naku rhurhisiwa) wu endla leswaku vana vakona va chava swinene coccidiosis naku hlaseriwa hi manyokanyokani. Ntsengo wa manyokanyokani eka mbuti wuna vuxaka eka ntalo wa matandza eka madyelo lawa tidyelaka eka wona xikan’we na kutiya ka rihanyo ra mbuti yaloye. Xiphiqo xikulu xa vafuwi va timbuti i kutisa ndzhawu yo hlayiseka eka timbuti loko ari karhi a hunguta ku nonoha ka ti parasite eka mirhi. Leswi swi endliwa hiku nyika murhi eka swifuwo leswi nyikiwaka murhi. Leswi swivuriwa ‘targeted selective treatment’ naswona swiendliwa ku tiyisisa ‘refugia’. Refugia i mpfuxelelo wa manyokanyokani lawa ya kondzelelaka murhi lowu nyikiwaka timbuti naswona swina nkoka eka vulawuri.
Kuna tinxaka tohambana swinene ta swigalani leti kumekaka eka tindzhawu leti timbuti ti dyelaka kona. Swigalani switswonga ngati naswona swinga hundzisa mavabyi kuya eka swifuwo swin’wana yofana na heartwater, switisa nhlaselo (abscesses), swilondza swaku lumiwa hi swigalani, ku onhaka ka nhlonge na toxicosis kufana na ku gonoka hikwalaho ka swigalani.
Madzedze ya muhlovo wotshuka na blue hi yanwana ya ti parasites leti lavaka ku lawuriwa. Mdzedze lawa ya tisa ku hlohlonya swinene eka nhlonge naswona swi endla leswaku timbuti tititshuva tinga heti kutani xiyimo xa miri xi cinca. Eka timbuti ta ti Angora, swivanga ku heleriwa hi matimba, ku susa kunavela ka masangu xikan’we naku cinca ka mihlovo wa voya.

Nsawutiso eka Timbuti

Loko timbuti tikuriseriwa eka tindzhawu letinga erivaleni, nsawutiso wa kusivela nhlaselo wa tinsu (Clostridium perfringens D) na Pasteurella (swivangiwa hi Pasteurella haemolytica na Manhaemia haemolytica) swa hlohleteriwa. E hansi ka swipimelo swotika laha timbuti titshamaka e madyelweni, kutani nsawutiso wa multi-clostridial wukatsiwa na Pasteurella swa hlohleteriwa. Vutisa Dokodela ra swifuwo swa wena.
Loko timbuti ti sawutisiwile rosungula, nsawutiso wa vumbirhi wufanele kuva kona, hlaya swiletelo swa mirhi hi vukheta. Nsawutiso wa vumbirhi wutala kuva eka 4 wa mavhiki endzhaku ka lawo sungula. Loko nsawutiso wavumbirhi wunga endliwangi swinga vanga leswaku ku pfumaleka masocha yo lwela mbuti leyi naswona minsawutiso leyi landzelaka yingaka yingaha tirhi.

Acidosis eka Timbuti

Mavabyi ya mpfuvelo aya talangi ngopfu eka timbuti kutlula eka tinyimpfu kambe acidosis yiva kona. Acidosis yivangiwa hiku phakeriwa ngopfu ka swakudya leswingana ti carbohydrate ematshan’weni ya swakudya swakahle. Leswi swinga humelela himinkarhi ya dyandza, flush feeding, ku biha emirini na masi. Nhlayo leyintsongo ya mphakelo wa fibre na minkarhi ya ndlala swinga vanga swiyimo swoka swinga tsakisi swa pH endzeni ka khwiri ra mbuti.

Phoyizeni eka Timbuti

Nhlayo yotala ya cardiac glycoside (phoyizeni leyikumekaka eka swimilani) yati phoyizeni tivangiwa hi ‘krimpsiekte’. Timbuti ta Angora ti hlaseriwa ngopfu hi phoyizeni kutlula timbuti tati Boer. ‘Krimpsiekte’ yivangiwa hi swimilani swotala swa Cotyledon, leswitivekaka tani hi plakkies kumbe nenta. Phoyizeni eka ntlawa wa swifuwo swintsongo switele eka tindzhawu tava little Karoo nale dzongeni wa Great Karoo. Swikoweta switala ku katsa nervous system, kambe swifuwo swinga komba swikoweto swotwa kuvava laha xisutini.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni