Ku na ka Mpfula eAfrika Dzonga

Tindzhawu totala ta Afrika Dzonga tina mpfula hi ximumu, November kuya eka March, loko xifundzha xa Western Cape xikuma ngopfu mpfula hi xixika, May kuya eka August.

Eka tindzhawu totala ta Afrika Dzonga, kuna ndlela yokarhi leyi mfpula yinaka hiyona laha mpfula yitlakukaka kusuka evupela dyambu kuya evuhumadyambu. Leswi swikombetiwa hi mpfula leyinaka lembe na lembe exikarhi ka Port Nolloth evupela dyambu, 50 mm, nale Richards Bay, 1 000 mm, eka ntlakuko lowu fanaka evuhuma dyambu.
Endzeni ka tiko, evuhuma dyambu bya Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape nale Mpumalanga Province kuva na timpfula letingana tilo leri dumaka, titlhela tiva na matimba. Ti mpfula leti tivakona hikuva tindzhawu leti hinkwato tina kuhisa koringanela hi ximumu. Hiku komisa, mimoya leyi yokufumela no tsakama ya tlakuka, yihola, kutani loko yi horile kuva na mpfula na kudzinda ka tilo.
Evupela dyambu bya Afrika Dzonga, mpfula yile hansi hikuva akuna kutsakama koringanela eka xibakabaka leswaku kungava na timpfula. Nakambe, akuna swivangelo swa mpfula ya orographic e tintshaveni letingale vupela dyambu. Leswi swivangiwa hikuva moya wotitimela wungariki naku tsakama ngopfu naswona mimoya yale lwandle leyi hungaka yi hunga hile tlhelo ka tintshava. Mpfula ya Orographic yivangeka loko mimoya leyitsakamaka yi hlohleteriwa kuya ehenhla ka ntshava.

Tindzhawu Leti Naka Mpfula Ngopfu e Afrika Dzonga

©Eric Miller

Timpfula totala ta Afrika Dzonga tihumelela evuhuma dyambu xikan’we nale dzongeni wa tintshava tani hile Drakensberg, kusuka e Limpopo, kuya e Mpumalanga na KwaZulu-Natal kuya eka swiphemu swale n’walungu wale Eastern Cape. Tintshava tin’wana letingana mpfula yotala tikatsa Outeniqua Mountain, tintshava tale South-western Cape xikan’we na Winterberg na Amatola Mountains, exikarhi ka tiko e Eastern Cape. Timpfula tale henhla e tintshaveni tiva kona hikwalaho ka timpfula ta orographic.
Timpfula ta orographic e tindzhawini letinga ta nkoka eka ncheleto wa mapurasi lawa yanga oma minkarhi yin’wana yiri kule swinene. Kusukela e tintshaveni ta Drakensberg/Maluti Mountains ta Lesotho nale Eastern Cape ti phameriwa hiti tunnels kuva ti cheleta exikarhi nale hansi ka tindzhawu ta Orange River.
Xikombiso xa kahle xa timpfula ta orographic tinga vonaka e Eastern Cape endzhawini ya Alice. Nhlayo yale xikarhi ya lembe e Alice ehansi ka tintshava ta Amatola yi kwalomu ka 500 mm, kambe e Wolfridge etintshaveni, mpfula ya lembe yikwalomu ka 1 700 mm. Leyi hundzeletaka yile tintshaveni ta Wemmershoek ehenhla ka Franschhoek, laha ya ntolovelo ya lembe yitlula 3 000 mm.

Swidzedze na Xirhami

Timpfula tale henhla e KwaZulu-Natal nale ka swiphemu swale nwalungu vuhuma dyambu swa Eastern Cape tiva kona hikwalaho ka moya lowu tsakamaka no kufumela kusuka e Mozambique. Ti cyclones to hisa tiva kona, leti tisaka timpfula tamatimba na makhukhula.

Timpfula ta xixika tale south-western naa southern Cape titisiwa hiti cyclones kumbe ti cold fronts. Cold fronts yifikela Western Cape kusuka evupela dyambu, kutani tihundza exifundzheni hile vuhuma dyambu. Ti cold fronts leti titisa masiku ya timpfula tintsongo, kambe mpfula yale xikarhi ya lembe eka tindzhawu leti tile hansi swinene. Xivangelo nkulu xa timpfula tale hansi hi leswaku moya lowu tsakamaka wuta kusuka eka lwandle leri titimelaka, leswi endlaka leswaku kungavi na kuhaha ka mati kukulu.

Manelo ya Mpfula yo Hlawuleka

Eminkoveni
Maendlelo yo hlawuleka ya nkoka ya manelo ya mpfula ya kumeka eminkoveni yale Eastern Cape nale KwaZulu-Natal. Minkova leyi hisaka yina timpfula tintsongo leti naka kutlula eka tindzhawu letingale henhla exikarhi ka minkova leyi. Hikokwalaho ka mahiselo yale henhla eminkoveni, kuna kulahleka lokukulu swinene ka mati laha ya hahaka, swimilani swilahlekeriwa hi mati, leswi swilavaka ku cheletiwa ka swirimiwa.
Eka Sundays River Valley, mpfula leyinaka hi lembe e Addo yikwalomu ka 390 mm, naswona mahiselo yale henhla e Afrika Dzonga ya tsarisiwile e Kirkwood, 55ºC. Xikan’we nale ndzeni ka Keiskamma River Valley laha mpfula eka Dank den Goewerneury yinga kwalomu ka 390 mm, kambe i 500 mm e Middledrift, kusuhi kambe e handle ka minkova yo enta.

Dyandza rale xikarhi ka ximumu
Kuna ka timpfula ta ximumu ti avanyisiwile hi, leti hatlisaka, tale xikarhi, nata khale kumbe khale swinene. Leswi swikombeta nhweti leyi timpfula ta ximumu tisungulaka ku tlakuka kungari loko timpfula ta ximumu tisungula.

Exikarhi ka Eastern Cape ku kombile maendlelo ya nkoka swinene eka timpfula ta ximumu; ku tlakuka nyana hi ximun’wana kutani kutlakuka lokukulu kuya eku heleni ka ximumu/kusungula ka xixikana. Exikarhi kuna dyandza rale xikarhi ra ximumu. Timpfula tale hansi xikan’we na mahiselo yale henhla leswi vekaka swimilani ehansi ka ntshikelelo eka swimilani leswi kulaka hi ximumu.
Van’wamapurasi vafanele kuva na kungu ra xihatla xikan’we na tindlela kutitirhisa kuhunguta ku lahlekeriwa xikan’we naku onhekeriwa hi swibyariwa hi minkarhi leyi ku kayivelaka mati.
Swo fafazela sw Anti-transpirant swinga hunguta ku lahlekeriwa hi mati hikokwalaho ka kuhaha ka mati. Leswi swinga durha naswona swiva na xiave xobiha swinene, kufana naku hunguteka ka photosynthesis. Eka swiyimo swotika, misinya yinga tsemiwa kuhunguta ndzhawu ya matluka xikanwe naku haha ka mati. Leswi aswi endliwa eka swirhapa swa malamula e Letsitele hinkarhi lowu akuri na dyandza ra 1980s.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni