Aquaponics i nhlangano wa vufuwi bya tihlampfi xikan’we naku kurisiwa ka swimilani swofana na mitsembyani na matsavu. Leswi kungava swona xintshunxo xa vukalo bya swakudya naswona swinga tisa mali eka van’wamapurasi vantshwa e Afrika Dzonga.
Swimilani swibyariwa eka ndzhawu yin’we ya maendlelo ya hydroponic ad aquaponic, tani hileswi timintsu tihlanganaka na mati ya thyaka. Mati lawa ya thyaka ya suka eka mathangi laha tihlampfi ta mati yo tenga tikurisiwaka kona, kutani endzhaku timintsu ta swimilani titswonga swakudya kutani swisefiwa, mati ya tlhelela ema thangini ya tihlampfi.
Aquaponics Techniques
Deepwater raft aquaponics
Eka maendlelo lawa, swimilani swi byariwa eka polystyrene raft eka vuenti bya, 30 - 40 cm, waterbed.
Swakahle hi maendlelo lawa ikuva mahiselo ya mati yatshama yari endzhawu yin’we handle ka ku cinca xikan’we na pH, kambe xobiha hi swona kulaveka sefo ya biological yo engetelela leswaku yita fayelela ammonia.
Closed loop aquaponics
Maendlelo lawa ya tlhela ya tiveka tani hi ‘growing power model’. Maendlelo lawa ya aquaponic ya tirhisa switirhisiwa leswinga susiweki swotani hiti grit kumbe ti clay beads. Swimilani swibyariwa eka xilo lexinga sukeki endzeni ka xibye lexi tatiwaka hi mati kusuka eka thangi ra aquaculture. Tirhelo leri ritirha ku antswa eka swimilani leswi navaka kufana na ti strawberries, matamatisi nati granadillas.
Reciprocal aquaponics
Switirhisiwa leswinga susiweki swotani hi grit na clay beads swatirhisiwa eka swibye leswi talaka kutani swihumesiwa mati loko swifike eka mpimo wokarhi. Kuhumesiwa mati swina nkoka swinene kusivela leswaku timintsu ta ximilani tinga tshami tiri endzeni ka mati. Leswi switlhela swisivela ku bola ka timintsu. Ku humesiwa ka mati swi endliwa hikuva mati ya humesiwa hi mintila yati drain, laha kungana clock siphon outlet, leyi humesaka mati kuya hi minkarhi.
Maendlelo lawa ya aquaponics yativeka tani hi ‘flood and drain’ kumbe ‘ebb and drain’ aquaponics. I maendlelo yakahle swinene eka van’wamapurasi lavaha sungulaka tani hileswi swi olovaka ku swilawula, naswona nhlayo yikulu ya swibyariwa yinga humelerisiwa. Yitlhela yitirha kahle eka swimilani leswi lavaka nseketelo wukulu, swotani hi matamatisi, cucumber na makwembe.
Maendlelo yan’wana ya aquaponics
Kuna maendlelo ya vertical system lawa yanga endliwa hiti vertical plastic pipes leti phameriwaka mati kusuka ehenhla kati rivulets. Swimilani swi byariwa laha kunga pfuleka ti phayiphi.
Maendlelo ya film nutrients technique yana ti channels nati horizontal PVC plastic pipes, leti fanaka nati ‘gutters’, letinga pfuleka kusuka eka swibye. Kutani mati ya fambisiwa horizontally kuya eka swibye leswi ncikinyaka eka ti ‘gutters’.
Madiromu ya plastiki ya 200-litre yatsemiwa hile xikarhi kutani ya cheriwa grit kumbe mati, laha ti polystyrene rafts tinga papamalaka eka wona.
Aquaponics ya van’wamapurasi Vantshwa
Vuswikoti bya matirhisiwelo ya thekinoloji ya aquaponics ya anamile. Yanga endliwa eka xiphemu xokarhi, lexinga endlelaka swilaveko swokarhi, kusuka eka vuhumelerisi byo ringana ndyangu wa van’wamapurasi vantshwa kuya eka xiyimo xaku kota kuxavisa.Aquaponics yinga endliwa eka xiyenge xintsongo, kufana naku byala swimilani endzhaku ka yindlu leswinga tirhisiwaka emutini. Carp, tilapia kumbe catfish tinga tirhisiwa eka thangi ra tihlampfi ra 500-litre. Maendlelo lawa ya fanaka ya aquaponics kumbe medium-growth beds ta hlohleteriwa eka van’wamapurasi lavantshwa.
Aquaponics technology yi kahle swinene eka van’wamapurasi lavantshwa hikwalaho ka swivangelo swohambana hambana:
Swinga endliwa eka xiphemu xintsongo naswona swinga kurisiwa endzhaku ka nkarhi.
Aswina ntirho wotala.
Yinga lulamisiwa hi switirhisiwa leswinga durheki.
Misava leyinga nona kumbe nhlayo leyikulu ya mati ahi swilaveko.
Matirhelo yale xikarhi ya aquaponics ya lulamerile kuva ku byariwa swibyariwa swa vaaki, swotani hi swikolo, kaya ra vadyuhari, vhengelele ra swakudya kumbe hodela. Aquaponics yinga endliwa eka xiyimo xoxavisa tani hi bindzu rin’we xikan’we na xiyenge xa vurimi.
Vuxaka exikarhi ka nhlayo ya tihlampfi na swimilani byiya hi khwalithi ya swakudya swa tihlampfi, muxaka wa tihlampfi xikan’we na muxaka wa swimilani leswi tirhisiwaka. Swimilani leswi kulaka swiya henhla xikan’we na swimilani leswi tswalaka mihandzu swilava swakudya leswi n’okaka.
Uta lava vutivi bya vuthekiniki loko unga se sungula vurimi byihi na byihi bya aquaponics. Kutani swa hlohleteriwa leswaku varimi vakuma vuleteri loko vanga se sungula.
Tihakelo ta Maendlelo ya Aquaponics
Maendlelo yan’wana na yan’wana ya aquaponics yana leswinene na leswobiha. Tihakelo ta maendlelo ya aquaponics yataya hi vukulu bya bindzu leri, xivumbeko xikan’we na switirhisiwa leswi tirhisiweke. Swinga hambana kusuka exikarhi ka R1 000 kuya eka ma miliyoni ya tirhandi eka mapurasi lawa yakulu.Makete wa Switirhisiwa swa Aquaponics
Swinga twala swingari nchumu, kambe xivulwa lexinge ‘the market is everything’ xina ntiyiso eka vurimi bya ntiyiso, hiswona swifambisaka maendlelo hinkwawo ya vurimi. Tiva totala hiti makete hikuva u endla vulavisisi byo enta bya makete loko unga se sungula purasi. Vulavula na vanhu lavangavaka ti khasimende ta wena kutiva leswaku swilaveko swavona kungava kuri yini.
Kumisisa leswaku i tinxaka tihi ta swimilani leswi faneleke ku byariwa, kumbe muxaka wa tihlampfi, xikan’we na swilaveko swatona, xikombiso, xana kunga laveka nhlayo yotani hi kwihi naswona i nkarhi wihi wa lembe lowu swikulaka kahle hi wona. Loko swikoteka, endla ti kontiraka to xaviselana na ti khasimende.
Switlhela swihlohleteriwa kuva na switirhisiwa swohambana hambana ematshanwini yaku xavisa xilo xin’we, xikombiso, nhlayo yati lettuce xikan’we na mitsembyani yo hambana hambana. Veka tihlo eka swimilani swa khwalithi yale henhla kufana na mitsembyana yotsakama, ti berries na viriviri; switirhisiwa leswi swina mbuyelo wa kahle swinene.
Tinxaka ta tihlampfi leti tirhisiwaka eka aquaponics titaya hiku i muxaka wihi lowu u pfumeleriwaka kuva na wona eka ndzhawu ya wena. Lavisisa kusuka eka ndzawulo ya xifundzha ya nhlayiso leswaku hiswihi leswi tirhisiwaka ngopfu eka vufuwi bya aquaponic e Afrika Dzonga. Swinga katsa bream, catfish, carp xikan’we na tihlampfi ta ornamental.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni