Bolemirui jwa Metsi a a Foreshe mo Afrika Borwa

Botshwaratlhapi jo bo fetang selekano le kgotlhelego ya lewatle di isitse tlase leruo la ditlhapi ka mo go tshosang mo Afrika Borwa. Ditlamorago ke gore mo isagong bogolo jwa ditlhokegô tsa rona tsa tlhapi di tlile go fitlhelelwa gotswa go dipolase tsa tlhapi tsa kgwebo (temôwatle). Goya ka Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), temôwatle mo Afrika Borwa (kgotsa bolemirui jwa tlhapi) e arogantswe ka bolemirui jwa tlhapi ya metsi a a foreshe le bolemirui jwa tlhapi ya metsi a lewatle.
Bodirelo jwa selegae jwa temôwatle bo rulagane sentle ka boemedi jwa mekgatlho ya batlhagisi le setlhopha sa bookamedi sa AquacultureSA.

Dithulaganyo tsa Temôwatle mo Afrika Borwa

©Henk Stander

Palogotlhe ya dipolase di le 189 e gatisitswe ke DAFF ka 2015 mo metsing a lewatle le a a foreshe ka bobedi. Bontsi jwa dipolase tsa metsi a a foreshe di dirisa dithulaganyo tsa tikoloso-metsi, makadiba a mo mmung kgotsa mesele ya metsi go lema ditshedi. Mo lekaleng la metsi a lewatle molluscs (sekai, oysters, mussels) di lengwa mo dikamokorong kgotsa mela-telele, mme abalone e lengwa mo ditankeng ka technology ya pompo-lotshitshing.

Go Simolola Temôwatle mo Afrika Borwa

Lekala la trout ke mosimolodi yo mogolo wa tsweletso ya bolemirui jwa tlhapi mo Afrika Borwa. Le fa trout e tlisitswe mo Afrika Borwa ka ntlha ya mabaka a motshameko wa botshwaratlhapi kwa bo-1890, tlhagisetso-kgwebo e simolotse fela ka bo-1960. John L. Scott o agile bothuthusetso jwa trout jwa ntlha jwa seleruri kwa Jonkershoek Valley kwa ntle fela ga Stellenbosch ka 1894. Kagô ya letlapa e santse e eme le gompieno mme ke sefikantswe sa bosetšhaba.
Tlhagiso ya trout e ntse e tsepame, mme e oketsega ka ditone di ka nna 1 000 goya go 1 500 ka ngwaga.
Temôwatle ya Afrika Borwa e itemogetse kgolô e e bonako ga e sale ka 2012. Palogotlhe ya tlhagiso ya 3 927 tons e gatisitswe ka 2012, 4 802 ka 2013 le go ka fitlha go 5 210 tons ka 2014. Palogotlhe ya tlhagiso ka 2015 e ne ele 5 418 tons, e e supang koketsego ya 4% go tloga ka 2014.
Tshedimosetso ya ntshetsôntle gotswa go DAFF e supa fa bodirelo jwa Afrika Borwa bo nyeuma ditshedi tsa temôwatle ya metsi a lewatle. Seno ka bontsi ke abalone (Haliotis midae) e e romelwang gotswa kwa Porofenseng ya Kapa Bophirima, e e leng go feta 80% ya tlhagiso ya temôwatle yotlhe ya Afrika Borwa. Abalone le dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicas) gotswa kwa Kapa Botlhaba di dira 12.75% ya ntshetsôntle ya temôwatle gotswa mo Afrika Borwa.

Dipolase le Ditshedi tsa Temôwatle

Bolemirui jwa metsi a a foreshe bo kganetswa mo go masisi ke thebolelo ya metsi a a matshwanedi: a boleng le bontsi jo bo siameng. Dikgaolo tse di botlhokwa thata tsa tlhagiso ya ditlhapi tsa metsi a a foreshe mo Afrika Borwa ke Kapa Bophirima, Kapa Botlhaba, Limpopo le KwaZulu-Natal.
Ditlhapi tsa metsi a a foreshe tse ga jaana di lengwang mo Afrika Borwa di akaretsa rainbow trout, trout e e borokwa, dikwena, ditlhapi-kgabisi, African sharptooth catfish, Mozambique tilapia le Nile tilapia, marron crayfish le carp ya setlwaedi. Dithulaganyo tsa bolemirui tse di farologaneng, go tloga ka dihôkô tsa letloa mo matamong a magolo goya go dithulaganyo tsa bontsi tsa tikoloso-metsi ya ka mo gare ga kagô, di a diriswa.

Go Tlhokagala Eng Go Nna Molemirui wa Tlhapi yo Montšhwa?

©Henk Stander

Temôwatle e dirisa madi le bokgoni ka fa go tseneletseng, ka jalo, go ka se nne botlhale go beeletsa ka mo go sa lekanang mme morago o lemoge fa o sena matlole, kitso le bokgoni tse di sa lekanang go dira lotseno. Go botlhoka gape go lemoga gore temôwatle ke tiragatso ya bolemirui, e e akaretsang ditshidi. Seno se tlile go tlhoka kelotlhoko ya molemirui wa tlhapi 24/7. A o na le kgotlhelelo e e tlhokegang go ka dira diura tse di jalo kgotsa go okamela badiri ba ba tlileng go dira diura tseno?
Balemirui ba tlhapi, segolo thata badiredi ba kgwebo-potlana, gape ba na le go nna mongwe le mongwe le sengwe le sengwe mo kgwebong ya bona, go tloga ka mokgweetsi yo o tsamaisang ditlhapi le go lata sefepi, goya go rasetegeniki wa pompo, moitseanape wa itekanelo ya tlhapi, moitseanape wa badiri le mokaedi wa matlole.
Bokgoni jwa go tlhama setlhopha sa batho se se nang le ditalente tse di farologaneng tse di nyalelanang ke nngwe ya dipoêlô tse kgolo mo go godiseng kgwebo ya temôwatle. Mme ka jalo mongwe le mongwe o tla tsepamisa tlhaloganyo mo karolong-boitseanape ya gagwe.

Ke Eng Aquaponics?

©Marinda Louw

Aquaponics jaaka technology ke thulaganyo e ka tsela e e tseneletseng e kopanyang temôwatle ya tikoloso-metsi le hydroponics. Mo hydroponics, dimela di gola ka go fepiwa metsi a a humileng ka dikotla. Kakanyô e e fa morago ga aquaponics ke gore dimela di dirisa mantle a tlhapi gotswa mo thulaganyong ya temôwatle jaaka dikotla tsa kgolô ya semela. Metsi a a phepa morago a busetswa kwa tlhaping. Technology eno e ka fetoga ka bogolo bonolo go tshwanela balemirui ba ba potlana, diprojeke tsa setšhaba le dikgwebo.

Bokgoni jwa Mmaraka jwa Tlhapi ya Metsi a a Foreshe?

Mmaraka wa ditlhagiswa tsa temôwatle o atologa go ralala lefatshe jaaka palo ya batho e gola. Batho ba nna bonolo le go thanya ka ga itekanelo ya bona, mme seno se raya gore go jewa ga tlhapi go a oketsega go ralala lefatshe.
Afrika Borwa ka setlwaedi ga se naga e e jang tlhapi fela badirisi ba yona ba lemogile motseletsele o o golang wa ditlhagiswa tsa temôwatle tse di leng teng mo mabenkeleng. Tilapia e tsweletse go tuma ga mmogo le sausage le burger ya catfish.
Tlhagiso e e matsetseleko gotswa mo temôwatleng e ka dira gore tlhapi le dijo tsa ditswalewatleng di kgone go rekwa ke setšhaba mme di fokotse kgatelelô mo ditlhaping tsa tlhagô.
Temôwatle e ka tshameka karolo e e botlhokwa mo tshireletsong-dijo le boipusong jwa dijo. Seno se kaya go nna le dijo tse di itekanetseng tse di lekaneng tse di leng maleba ke setso mme di tlhagiswa ka tsela e e babalelang ditsatlholegô.

Bolemirui jwa Tlhapi ya Metsi a a Foreshe bo ka Godiswa Jang?

Kgolô ya bodirelo jwa temôwatle ya Afrika Borwa e na le bokgoni jwa go nna le seabe se se golo mo tiragatsong ya ekonomi, phokotso ya botlhoki, matlafatso, ditiro le tiriso e e babalelang ditsatlholegô ya lobopo le ditlamelo tsa nagateng gore di ungwele merafe ya selegae.
Gore bo gole, bodirelo jwa temôwatle jwa Afrika Borwa bo tlhoka tikologo e e tlileng go bo kgontsha. Seno se kaya gore molaotheo, melawana-tsamaiso, ditumalano tsa kgwebisano le dipopegôtheo go tsamaisa ditlhagiswa tsa tlhapi gotswa go balemirui goya kwa mebarakeng. Molaotheo o o botoka, ketleletso ya projeke, katiso, thupiso le ditirelo tsa kgakololô di tlile go thusa balemirui ba temôwatle go simolola ka ditshedi tse di tshwanetseng mo thulaganyong ya bolemirui e e tshwanetseng, go tokafatsa bolemirui, go oketsa ntshô mme go tlile go bopa mebaraka ya temôwatle ya metsi a a foreshe mo Afrika Borwa.

Translated by Nchema Rapoo