Ukubanjwa kweemfesi nokufeyiliswa kwamalandlwe eSewula Africa kwehlise isibalo seemfesi eziphilako. Lokhu kurholela ekutheni esikhathini esizako abarhwebi abafuya iimfesi kuzokufuneka bona kube ngibo abathengisa iimfesi ebazifayako ukufinyelela isidingo sabathengi beSewula Africa. Ngokuya ngomyango we-Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), ukufuywa kweemfesi eSewula Africa kuhlukaniswe ngesiqhema se-freshwater fish farming okukufuywa kweemfesi ngendlela yokusebenzisa amanzi afretjhe ne-marine fish farming okuzimfesi ezitholaka elwandle.
Ibubulo lezefuyo yeemfesi linenhlangano zabajameli babakhiqizi nesiqhema sabarhwebi be-overaching Aquaculture SA commodity group.
Ihlelo Lokufuya Iimfesi eSewula Africa
Abafuyi abafuya iimfesi nalabo ababamba iimfesi zelwandle ababalelwa enanini elifika ku 189 batlolwa yi DAFF ngonyaka ka 2015. Abafuyi beemfesi abasebenzisa ihlelo lokufuya ngamanzi afretjhi basebenzisa ihlelo le-recirculation, iinziba zomhlaba nofana lapho ama-raceways ukufuya imihlobohlobo yeemfesi. Kwezemalwandle ama-molluscs (e.g ama-oysters, nama-mussels) zifuywa ngama-rafts nofana ama-long-lines, begodu i-abalone ufuywa ngokusebenzisa iintanka ezinempompo.
Ukuthoma Kokufuywa Kweemfesi eSewula Africa
Umkhakha we-trout umhlahlandlela wokuthuthukisa zefuyo yeemfesi eSewula Africa. Nanoma i-trout yalethwa eSewula Africa ngonobangela wezemidlalo zokuthiya iimfezi ngeminyaka yabo 1980, ukukhiqizwa kwayo emarhwebeni wenarha kwathoma ngeminyaka yabo 1960. U John L. Scott wakha i-hatchery yokuthoma endaweni ye-Jonkershoek Valley ngaphandle kwendaweni ye-Stellenbosch ngonyaka ka 1894. Umakhiwo wamatje loo usajamile nanamhlanje njengenye yamatje wesikhumbuzo wemarha.
Ukukhiqizwa komhlobo wefesi we-trout kuzinzile, kukhule kusukele ku 1 000 kufikela ku 1 500 yamathani qobe nyaka.
Ukufuywa kwemfesi eSewula Africa kukhule khulu kusukela ngonyaka ka 2012. Umkhiqizo opheleleko ongaba mathani angu 3 927 wakhiqizwa ngonyaka ka 2012, 4 802 yamathani ngonyaka ka 2013 kunye namathani angu 5 210 ngo 2014. Umkhiqizo opheleleko ngonyaka ka 2015 bewumathani angu 5 418, otjengisa ukukhula nga 4% kusukela kewonyaka ka 2014.
Idatha etjengisa ipahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle ye-DAFF iveze bona amabubulo weSewula Africa azele ngemihlobohlobo yezefuyo yemanzini. Lokhu kuveza khulu umhlobo weemfesi ze-abalone (Haliotis midae) eziyipahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle evela esifundeni se-Western Cape, ekungiyo ekhiqiza umkhiqizo ofika ku 80% yawowoke umkhiqizo wezefuyo yemanzini yeSewula Africa. Umhlobo weemfesi ze-abalone nezomhlobo we-dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicas) ezibuya esifundeni se-Eastern Cape ziletha i-12.75% yepahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle yefuyo yemanzini eSewula Africa.
Amaplasi Wefuyo Yemanzini Nemihlobohlobo
Ukufuywa kweemfesi ngokusebenzisa amanzi afretjhi kuvinjwa lokutlhogeka kwamanzi afaneleko: wekhwalithi nobunengi obufaneleko. Iindawo ezibalulekileko ezikhiqiza imihlobohlobo yeemfesi ezifuywa ngamanzi afretjhi eSewula Africa yisifunda se-Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Limpopo ne KwaZulu-Natal.
Imihlobo yeemfesi ezifuywa emanzini afretjhi ngalesi isikhathi eSewula Africa zifaka hlangana umhlobo we-rainbow trout, brown trout, iingwenya, ornamental fish, African sharptooth catfish, Mozambique ne-Nile tilapia, marron crayfish ne common carp. Kilezi, umhlobo we-rainbow trout, African catfish ne-Mozambique tilapia ngizo ezinthathu ezizele khulu. Imihlobohlobo yeendlela zokufuya ezisetjenziswako, kusukela kumanede wamakheyiji emadamini amakhulu kufikela ku-recirculation sysytem ziyasetjenziswa.
Kufuneka ini Lokha Nawufuna Ukubamfuyi Weemfesi?
Ukufuya iimfesi kudinga imali enengi nekghono eliphezulu, ngalokho, angeze kwaba kuhle bona utjale imali encani bese muva uthola bona utlhayelelwa yimali, ikghono nelwazi elitlhogekako bona wenza inzuzo. Kuqakathekile ukuzwisisa bona zefuyo yemanzini i-aquaculture ingeminye yemisebenzi yezelimo, okufakahlangana iinlwane eziphilako. Lokhu kuzokudinga bona umfuyi weemfesi azigade ngasosoke isikhathi 24/7. Unaso isineke sokusebenza ama-awara nofana ukugada abasebenzi ama-awara woke la wokusebenza?
Fish Abafuyi beemfesi, khulukhulu abafuya inani eliphasi, benza woke umsebenzi emarhwebeni wabo, ngibo ebathumela isitoko seemfesi emavikilini, bathathe ukudla kweemfesi, bebabe bomathekniki beempompi, batlhogomele amaphilo weemfesi bebatlhogomele nezokusetjenziswa kwemmali.
Ukuba nesiqhema sabantu abahlukahlukeneko, amakghono angafaniko kungenye yenzuzo yokuthuthukisa irhwebo lokufuya iimfesi. Ngalokhu woke umuntu angakghona ukuqalana nomsebenzi anekghono lokulenza.
Khuyini I-Aquaponics?
Aquaponics njengamanye amatheknoloji iyihlelo ilihlanganisa i-recirculation aquaculture ne-hydroponics. Ku-hydroponics, iintjalo zikhula ngokuphiwa amanzi azele izakha mzimba. Umqhopho we-aquaponics kukobana iintjalo zisebenzise ukudla okusalako lokha nakudla iimfesi ezifuyiweko njengezakhamzimba ezikhulisa iinjalo. Amanzi ahlwengekileko abese abuyiselwa eemfesini. I-theknoloji lee ingatjhuguluka ngobukhulu ngendlela elungele abafuyi abasese bancani, amaphrojekthi womphakathi nabarhwebi.
Irhwebo Lokuthengisa Iimfesi Ezifuywe Ngokusebenzisa Amanzi Afretjhi
Irhwebo lokuthengisa umkhiqizo wefuyo yemanzini liyakhula ephasini loke njengoba inani labantu liya ngokukhula. Abantu bayaphuquka begodu bathoma ukuthathele zamaphilo wabo phezulu, lokhu kutjho bona izinga lokuthenga kweemfesi liyakhula njengoba izinga lokudla okudliwako likhula iphasi mazombe.
I-Sewula Africa akusiyo inarha edla iimfesi khulu kodwana abathengi bakhona sebanelwazi lemikhiqizo eyahlukahlukeneko yefuyo yemanzini ekhona emavikilini. Umhlobo wefesi we-Tilapia seyaziwa khulu nama-sausage nama-burger womhlobo we-catfish.
Ikghono lokukhiqiza ifuyo yemanzini lingenza bona iimfesi nokhunye okudla nofana inyama yefuyo yemanzini ikghone ukuba nentengo ephasi abantu bazokukghona ukuyithenga begodu kwehlise igandeleko lomkhiqizo weemfesi.
Ifuyo yemanzini ingadlala indima eqakathekileko ekwenzeni isiqiniseko sokobana kunokudla okwaneleko. Lokhu kutjho bona kube nokudla okunikela ipilo okwaneleko okukhiqizwe ngendlela efaneleko neragela phambili.
Zikhuliswa Bunjani Iimfesi Ngokusebenzisa Amanzi Afretjhi I-Freshwater Fish Farming eSewula Africa
Ukukhula kwerhwebo lefuyo yemanzini eSewula Africa kunekghono lokukhula belifake isandle ekukhuliseni zamarhwebo, liqede indlala, linikele amandla, lidale amathuba womsebenzi belisebenzise iligwi nensetjenziswa zenarha ukuletha iinzuzo esitjhabeni.
Ukuze irhwebo lezefuyo yemanzini likhule kufuneka indawo evumela lokhu. Lokhu kutjho bona imithetho eyenziwa ePalamende, imigomo, neenvumelwano zokuthengisa nemakhiwo ethutha imikhiqizo yeemfesi kusekula ebafuyini kufikela emavikilini kufanele kube ngeletha ukukhula erhwebeni lezefuyo yemanzini. Imithetho eyenziwa ePalamende encono, iimali zokurhelebha amaphrojekthi, ukubandula, ukufundisa nokukhuliswa kokunikela kweensetjenziswa kungarhelebha abafuyi befuyo yemanzini bathome ngokufuya umhlobo orerhe weemfesi nangendlela ererhe yokufuya, benze ncono zelimo, bakhulise inzuzo bebakhe amarhwebo akhiqiza ifuyo yemanzini ngokusebenzisa amanzi afretjho eSewula Africa.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana