Kufuywa Kwetimfishi taseMantinilamasha eNingizimu Afrika

© Henk Stander
Kudvweba kwecele kanye nekungcola kwelwandle sekunciphise timfishi tendalo ngekutsintseka eNingizimu Afrika. Umphumela ngukutsi kulikusasa letfu timfishi tetfu letiningi tidzingo tato titotfolwa kubafuyi betimfishi tentsengo (letingekhatsi noma celeni kwemanti). Ngekusho kwe Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) – Litiko Letekulima, Emahlatsi neKudvweba, kubasemantini noma eceleni eNingizimu Afrika (noma kufuya timfishi) kuhlukaniswa ngekufuya timfishitemanti lamasha naletihlala phansi kwelwandle (emanti aselwandle) kufuya timfishi.
Lendzawo ye aquaculture ihlanganiseke kahle ngekumelelwa yinhlangano yekukhicita nelicembu lelimcoka le AquacultureSA.

Tindlela te Aquaculture eNingizimu Afrika

©Henk Stander
Inombolo lephelele yebafuyi labalikhulu nemashumi lasiphohlongo nemfica leyatsatfwa yi DAFF ngemnyaka wa 2015 kuletihlala phakatsi kwelwandle nemantilamasha. Liningi lebafuyi bemantilamasha basebentisa tindlela letijikelako, indzawo lencane yemanti asemhlabeni noma tindlelatekugijima temacembu. Kulamanti aselwandle tilwanyana temtimba lotsambile (fana ne oysters, mussels) afuywa kumatje asemantini noma emilayinini-lemidze, bese iabalone ihlanyelwa emathangeni lanemaphampu lasetulu.

Kucala kwe Aquaculture eNingizimu Afrika

Sehluko setimfishi letihlala emantini sesikhulise intfutfuko yekufuya timfishi eNingizimu Afrika. Noma timfishi letihlala emantini taletfwa eNingizimu Afrika kwentela umdlalo wekudvweba injongo ngeminyaka ya 1890, kukhicitela intsengo kwacala ngemnyaka wa 1960. John L.Scott wakha sakhiwo sekucala setimfishi eSigodzini se Jonkershoek ngaphandle kwase Stellenbosch ngemnyaka wa 1894. Sakhiwo sematje solo siyema nanamuhla futsi sikhumbuto sesive.
Umkhicito wetimfishi tasemantini solo umile, ukhula kusuka enkhulungwaneni kuya kunkhulungwane nemakhulu lasihlanu ngemathani emnyakeni.
Aquaculture yase Ningizimu Afrika seyibone kukhula kusuka ngemnyaka wa 2012. Umkhicito lophelele wemathani latinkhulungwane letintsatfu nemakhulu layimfica nemashumi lamabili nesikhombisa abhalwa ngemnyaka wa 2012, emathani latinkhulungwane letine nemakhulu lasiphohlongo nakubili ngemnyaka wa 2013 cishe nemathani letinkhulungwane letisihlanu nemakhulu lamabili nelishumi ngemnyaka wa 2014. Umkhicito lophelele ngemnyaka wa 2015 kwaba ngemathani latinkhulungwane letisihlanu nemakhulu lamane nelishumi nesiphohlongo, lekumele kukhula kwa 4% kusuka ku 2014.
Kuhanjiswa kwe data kusuka DAFF kukhombisa kutsi litiko le Ningizimu Afrika likhuliswa macembu etilwane tasemantini. Kakhulu yi abalone (Haliotis midae) isuswa eSifundzeni seWestern Cape, lekufaka ngetulu kwa 80% walokukhicitwako kwasemantini eNingizimu Afrika yonkhe. iAbalone ne dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicas) kusuka iEastern Cape yenta 12.75% ye aquaculture lehanjiswa kusuka eNingizimu Afrika.

Kufuywa kwe Aquaculture nema Cembu lamancane

©Marinda Louw
Kufuya imfishi yemantilamasha kukalekile ngemanti lalungele kuletfwa: elinani lelingilo lelisetulu noma leliningi. Tindzawo letibaluleke kakhulu kwentela kukhicita timfishi temanti lamasha eNingizimu Afrika ngutase Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Limpopo nase KwaZulu-Natal.
Emacembu lamancane emantilamasha kwanyalo aseNingizimu Afrika afaka timfishi temushi wenkosazane, imfishi lensundvu, tingwenya, imfishi lenhle, imfishi lesakati yelitinyo lelicijile yase Afrika, itilapia yase Mozambique nase Nile, imfishi lesalubendze ne common carp. Kuleti, imfishi yemushi wenkosazane, imfishi lesakati yase Afrika ne tilapia yase Mozambique nguwona emacembu omatsatfu lakhulako. Tindlela letiningi letehlukene tekufuya, kusuka kumahhuka enethi kumadamu lamakhulu kutindlela letiphakeme-tangekhatsi, tiyasetjentiswa.

Yini Ledzingekako kutsi Ube nguMfuyi wetiMfishi Lomusha?

©Henk Stander
iAquaculture yimali futsi lwati lolungumsenti, njengekutsi, kungeke kubekuhlakanipha kukhokhela kancane bese muva utitfola utekahle imali yekucala, kwati nelwati kutsi utfole imali. Futsi kuphindze kumcoka kubona kutsi kuya iaquaculture kungumsebenti, lokufaka tintfo letiphilako. Loku kutodzinga kunakekela kwemfuyi wetimfishi imini nebusuku neliviki. Unatotonkhe letindlela letidzingekako tekusebenta kufana nemahora noma kugadza basebenti nabasebenta lawamahora.
Bafuyi betimfishi, ikakhulu labo labasebenta ngetikali letincane, nabo bavame kuba nguwonkhe muntfu nakokonkhe ebhizinisini yabo, kusukela kuloshayelako lowetfula timfishi nalophindze alandze kudla, kute kufike kungcongcoshe lophampako, labagadze imphilo yetimfishi, labagadze umsebenti nalababukete tetimali.
Lokufuna kwakha licembu lebantfu labanelwati loluhlukile, loluhlanganako yintfo yinye lenkhulu longayitfola yekucondzisa ibhizinisi ye aquaculture. Ngako wonkhe umuntfu utokhona kunaka etindzaweni latigadzile.

Yini iAquaponics?

©Marinda Louw
iAquaponics njengendlela yebungcongcoshe ngendlela yekwenta umsebenti lomuningi ngekuhlanganisa iaquaculture lejikelako naleyo ye hydroponics. Ku-hydroponics, titjalo tikhula ngekutsi tinikwe emanti lavutsiwe-emanutrient. Lombono kukokonkhe loku kwe aquaponics kungukutsi titjalo letikhokha emangcoliso etimfishi kusuka kundlela ye aquaculture njengemanutrients lentelwe kukhulisa titjalo. Lamanti lahlobile noma lamasha abese abuyiselwa etimfishini. Lonamsebenti ungagucula malula ngelinani kwentela kulungela labancane labaphetse imfuyo, imisebenti yemimango kanye nemabhizinisi entsengo.

Litfuba Lekumakethwa kwe Mantilamasha eMfishi?

Kumakethwa kwetintfo te aquaculture kungukutsi ukhulise emhlabeni wonkhe njengekukhula kwenombolo yebantfu. Bantfu babasilungu kakhulu nekunakekela timphilo tabo, lokuchaza kutsi lokudliwa kwemfishi njengekudla kuyakhula mhlabawonkhe.
iNingizimu Afrika kahlekahle ngekwesintfu ayisiso sive lesidla imfishi kepha labayidlako sebabe nekwati kakhulu kanjalo nemasoseji emfishilesakati kanye nemabhega.
Umkhicito lowenele losuka ku aquaculture ungenta imfishi kudla kwaselwandle kutsi kutsengeke esiveni phindze kukhulule lomfutfo lochamuka etintfweni temfishi yendalo.
iAquaculture ingadlala inzima lebalulekile kakhulu ekugadvweni kwekudla nelitfuba leliphakeme lekubanemandla. Loku kusho kuba nekudla lokuyimphilo lokwenele lokusintfu nalokukhokhwe ngendlela lecinile.

Tikhuliswa njani Timfishi Tekufuywa teMantilahlobile eNingizimu Afrika?

Lokukhula kwelitiko lete aquaculture eNingizimu Afrika kunelitfuba lekufakela emisebentini yentsengo, kungavumeli inhlupheko, kucinisana, kucasah kanye nekusima kwekusetjentiswa kwetintfo letisemnceleni nasekhatsi kwentela kutsi kutfole imimango yasendzaweni.
Kukhulisa lelitiko lete aquaculture eNingizimu Afrika kudzingeka indzawo letawenta kubenjalo. Loku kusho umtsetfo, tivumelwano, tivumelwano tekutsengisa kanye netindlela tekuhambisa umkhicito wetimfishi kusuka kubafuyi kuya etimakethe. Umtsetfo loncono, kukhokhelwa kwemisebenti, kulungiselela, imisebenti lechutjwako nekukhuliswa kutosita bafuyi be aquaculture kutsi bacale ngemacembu aletilwane letilungele kulendlela lelungile yekufuya, kutfutfukisa kufuya, kukhulisa kukhokha futsi kutokwakha imakethe ye aquaculture yemantilahlobile eNingizimu Afrika.

Translated by Phindile Malotana