Vufuwi bya Tihlampi eAfrika Dzonga

© Henk Stander

Ku phasiwa ngopfu ka tihlampfi naku thyakisiwa ka malwandle swiherise tinxaka totala ta tihlampfi ta ntumbuluko hindlela ya xiyimo xale henhla e Afrika Dzonga. Mbuyelo wakona hileswaku swilaveko swavumundzuku swahina swita fikeleriwa ntsena kusuka eka vafuwi lava xavisaka va tihlampfi (aquaculture). Kuya hiva Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), aquaculture e Afrika Dzonga (kumbe vufuwi wa tihlampfi) swi avanyisiwe hikambirhi laha kungana vufuwi bya tihlampfi eka mati yotenga xikan’we na leti kumekaka ematini ya lwandle. Vufuwi bya tihlampfi bya laha kaya byi lulamisiwe kahle swinene kuya hi minhlangano leyi yimelaka vahumelerisis xikan’we na ntlawa lowu angarhelaka wa AquacultureSA.

Switirhisiwa swa Aquaculture e Afrika Dzonga

©Henk Stander
Ntsengo wa 189 wa mapurasi ya tsarisiwile hiva DAFF eka lembe ra 2015 eka mati ya lwandle naleka mati yotenga. Mapurasi yotala ya mati yotenga ya tirhisa ti recirculation systems, swidan’wana kumbe migerho yaku kota kukhomela tihlampfi. Eka xiyenge xati molluscs xale lwandle (e.g. oysters, mussels) swifuyiwa eka ti rafts kumbe ti long-lines, kutani abalone tihlayiseriwa ehansi ka mathangi laha kutirhisiwaka thekinoloji ya pump ashore.

Masungulo ya Aquaculture e Afrika Dzonga

Xiphemu xa trout xikondzelerile naku humelela ekakuhluvukisiwa ka vufuwi bya tihlampfi e Afrika Dzonga. Hambi leswi trout yinga tisiwa e Afrika Dzongahi swikongomelo swa vuhungasi byo njovela tihlampfi eka malembe yava 1890s, vuhumelerisi byo xavisa byi sungule kwalomu kava 1960s. John L. Scott u akile ndzhawu yosungula ya nkarhi hinkwawo ya trout hatchery e ndzhawini ya Jonkershoek Valley ehandle ka Stellenbosch hi lembe ra 1894. Muako lowu wa maribye waha yimile kufikela namuntlha naswona i muako wa rixaka.
Vuhumelerisi bya trout i khale byi tshamisekile, laha byinga tlakuka kusukela eka 1 000 kuya eka 1 500 ton hi lembe.
Aquaculture ya Afrika Dzonga yivone ku tlakuka kusukela hi lembe ra 2012. Vuhumelerisi lebyi heleleke bya 3 927 wati tons byi tsarisiwile hi 2012, 4 802 wati tons hi lembe ra 2013 naswona kwalomu ka 5 210 wati tons hi lembe ra 2014. Vuhumelerisi byo helela hi lembe ra 2015 akuri 5418 tons, leswi kombisaka kutlakuka ka 4% kusuka hi 2014.
Vuxokoxoko byo xavisela matiko mambe kusuka eka DAFF byi kombisa leswaku industry ya ya Afrika Dzonga yitalele hi tinxaka ta vufuwi byale lwandle bya aquaculture. Laha kunga tala abalone (Haliotis midae) leyi yisiwaka eka matiko mambe kusuka eka xifundzha xa Western Cape, leyinga ku tlula 80% wa vuhumelerisi bya aquaculture bya Afrika Dzong. Abalone na dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicas) kusuka exifundzheni xa Eastern Cape xiendla 12.75% xa aquaculture lexi humesiwaka kusuka e Afrika Dzonga.

Vufuwi bya Aquaculture na Tinxaka

©Marinda Louw
Vufuwi bya tihlampfi eka mati yo tenga byi pimiwile swinene hikokwalaho ka mphakelo wa mati lawa yalulameleke: kungava ya khwalithi leyinene xikan’we na vutalo byakona. Tindzhawu ta nkoka eka vuhumelerisi bya tinxaka ta tihlampfi eka mati yotenga e Afrika Dzonga hile swifundzheni swa Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Limpopo na KwaZulu-Natal.
Tinxaka tale matini yotenga letinga kona laha Afrika Dzonga tikatsa rainbow trout, brown trout, crocodiles, ornamental fish, African sharptooth catfish, Mozambique xikan’we na Nile tilapia, marron crayfish kukatsa na common carp. Eka leti, rainbow trout, African catfish xikan’we na Mozambique tilapia i tinxaka letinga tala ngopfu. Mafuwelo yotala swinene, kusukela eka ti net cages eka madamu lawa yakulu kuya eka leti tlimbaneke laha kunga pfaleka, hiwona lawa ya tirhisiwaka.

Leswi Lavekaka kuva Mufuwi wa Tihlampfi Wuntshwa?

©Henk Stander
Aquaculture yilava mali xikan’we na vutshila, loko swahatetano, kungava kungari ndlela ya vutlharhi kuka unga endli vuvekisi lebyi ringaneleke kutani uya kuma leswaku awuna mali yoringanela, vutivi na vuswikoti leswaku u kota ku vuyisa mbuyelo. Switlhela swiva swankoka ku tekela enhlokweni leswaku aquaculture i migingiriko ya vufuwi, leswi katsaka swilo leswi hanyaka. Leswi swita lava rinoko leri heleleke ra mufuwi wa tihlamfpi kuringana 24/7. Xana una kutiyimisela loku ringaneleke kutirha ti awara totani kumbe kuveka tihlo eka vatirhi lava tirhaka ti awara leti?
Van’wamapurasi va tihlampfi, ngopfu ngopfu lavangana mabindzu lawa yantsongo, vatlhela varingeta kuva swirho hinkwaswo vati endlela mintirho hinkwayo ya bindzu ra vona, kusukela eka muchayeri loyi a heleketaka tihlampfi kukatsa naku ya lava swakudya, kuya eka mulunghisi wa michini, mutivi wa swarihanyo, muthori xikan’we na mulanguteri wa timali.
Vuswikoti byaku aka xipano xa vanhu lavangana tinyiko taku hambana, leti pfunetanaka i swin’wana swa mimbuyelo leyikulu eka kukurisa bindzu ra aquaculture. Kutani un’wana na un’wana uta kota kulanguta eka ntirho lowu angana vuswikoti swinene eka wona.

Xana iyini Aquaponics?

©Marinda Louw
Aquaponics tani hi matirhelo ya thekinoloji lawa ya hlanganisaka recirculation aquaculture na hydroponics. Eka hydroponics, swimilani swikula hiku phameriwa mati lawa yanga tala swakudya. Miehleketo endzhaku ka aquaponics hi leswaku swimilani switirhisa thyaka leri humesiwaka hiti hlampfi kusuka eka aquaculture tani hi swakudya swaku kurisa swimilani. Mati yo tenga ekuheteleleni ya tlheriseriwa eka tihlampfi. Thekinoloji leyi yinga cinca hi vukulu hiku olova kuva yiva leyi ringaneleke n’wamapurasi lontsongo, ti projeke ta vaaki xikan’we na mabindzu yo xavisa.

Kutshembisa ka Makete wa Tihlampfi tale Matini yo Tenga?

Makete wa switirhisiwa swa aquaculture wule kukuleni emisaveni hinkwayo loko na vanhu vaya vatala. Vanhu vasungula kuhluvuka xikan’we naku langutisa leswi vadyaka swona, leswivulaka leswaku kudyiwa ka tihlampfi swile kutlakukeni swinene emisaveni hinkwayo. Tiko ra Afrika Dzonga ahi rixaka leri dyaka tihlampfi kuya hi ndzhavuko kambe vadyi vayona vavone ku tlakuka swinene eka ntsakelo wa switirhisiwa swa aquaculture leswikumekaka e xitolo.
Tilapia yi sungula kuva na ndhuma xikan’we nati catfish sausage na bega. Vuhumelerisi bya kahle bya aquaculture byinga endla leswaku tihlampfi na swakudya swin’wana swale matini ya lwandle swikumeka hiku olova eka vanhu naswona swi hunguta ntshikelelo kusuka eka laha kukumekaka tihlampfi hi ntumbuluko.
Aquaculture yingava na xiave xikulu eka nhlayiso wa swakudya na nkoka wa swona. Leswi swivula kuva na swakudya sworinganela swa rihanyo leswinga lulamela naswona swi humelerisiwa hi ndlela leyi yisekaka emahlweni.

Ndlela yo Kurisa Vufuwi bya Tihlampfi e Afrika Dzonga?

Kukula ka industry ya aquaculture ya Afrika Dzonga swina ndlela yo hoxa xandla swinene eka migingiriko ya ikhonomi, kuhunguta vusweti, ku nyika matimba, mintirho xikan’we na nhlayiseko waku tirhisiwa ka switirhisiwa leswi sukaka emalwandle nale ndzeni ka tiko kuvuyerisa vaaki va laha kaya.
Kukurisa industry ya aquaculture ya Afrika Dzonga swilava mbango lowu mpfumelaka. Leswi swivula kulawurisa, vulawuri, ntwanano wo xavisa xikan’we na switirhisiwa swo fambisa switirhisiwa swa tihlampfi kusuka eka van’wamapurasi kuya eka timakete. Vulawuri byo antswa, nseketelo wa timali, vuleteri, vudzaberi xikan’we na vukorhokeri byo engetelela lebyi pfunaka van’wamapurasi va aquaculture kuva vasungula hitinxaka letinga lulamela eka vufuwi lebyi lulameleke, ku antswisa vufuwi, ku engetela mbuyelo xikan’we naku aka timakete ta aquaculture ya mati yo tenga e Afrika Dzonga.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni