Tindumbu letisemakhasini titjalo letinetimphandze tangetulu, tikhokha tinhlavu kumakhasi phindze nemacembe lahlukene kabili noma kaningi lakhekile ngemacembe lamancane – cabanga emapeas kanye netitjalo letincane letinemacembe njengesibonelo. Tindumbu letisemakhasini tisetjentiswa njengenhlanyelo yendzawo. Tingalinywa tingito todvwana phindze tisetjentiselwe kudliwa, tijutjwe tentiwe sigadla noma tivunwe nasetiluhlata kutsi tisetjentiselwe isilage noma tjanibesigadla lobomile.
Tindumbu letikhasi njengenhlanyelo yendzawo tikhulisa lokunambitsa nemaprotein latfwelwe ekudla kwetilwane tekufuywa. Kuvame kutsi, letindumbu tihlanganiswa netjani kwentela kukhokha kudla lokuhlanganisiwe lokunemaprotein laphakeme phindze kubenekunambitsa kunetjano bubodvwa nje.
Tindumbu Njengekudla
Letindumbu tinalokungetiwe ngekutsi kungeta initrogen emoyeni kwentela kuniketa initrogen-yesitjalo emhlabatsini ngendlela lebitwa nge ‘kulungiswa kwe nitrogen’. Loku kunciphisa letidzingo tekuvundzisa lendzawo ngenitrogen bese kutfolwa titjalo letihamba kanyekanye ngendzawo.
‘Kulungiswa kwe-nitrogen’ nguwona mphumela webudlelwane lobukhombisekako nemagciwane emhlabatsi labitwa nge Rhizobium leyakha tigadla letincane etimphandzeni temantongomane. Kuyanconywa kutsi ngaphambi kwekutsi kulinyhwe, tinhlavu temantongomane kumele tigcotjiswe nalokusitaputapu lesiligciwane le Rhizobium kwentela kuciniseka kutsi akwakheki tigadla.
Letinye tintfo letikahle tekuhlanyela letindumbu njengekudla ngunati:
Kudla kwetindumu yintfo lesetulu-ngelizinga ngekudla kwetilwane kanye nangemaprotein laphakeme. Tilwane letikhulako, letincane tinemaprotein lasetulu ladzingekako langahlangana ngekutsi kufakwe letindumbu kulokudla lokuhlanganisiwe.
Kudla kwetindumbu kuyanambitsa phindze kugayeka kakhulu, phindze kukhulisa kutfwaleka kwe calcium enhlanyelweni.
Titjalo temacembe laluhlata lamancane tikudla lokubalulekile kwentela kwakha tilwane telubisi, noma balimi betilwane telubisi ngekunisela bangacolela indzawo yetjani-yetitjalo letincane letinemacembe. Tindumbu kulokudla lokuhlanganisiwe kwekunikwa tilwane kungakhulisa lo vitamin A na E nekutsatfwa kwe calcium kwetilwane phindze kungakhulisa lamafutsa latfwelwe kulolubisi kanye nelizinga lelubisi ngalokuphelele nakucatsaniswa kutjani-kudla kuphela.
Letindumbu tinalokungetiwe ngekutsi kungeta initrogen emoyeni kwentela kuniketa initrogen-yesitjalo emhlabatsini ngendlela lebitwa nge ‘kulungiswa kwe nitrogen’. Loku kunciphisa letidzingo tekuvundzisa lendzawo ngenitrogen bese kutfolwa titjalo letihamba kanyekanye ngendzawo.
‘Kulungiswa kwe-nitrogen’ nguwona mphumela webudlelwane lobukhombisekako nemagciwane emhlabatsi labitwa nge Rhizobium leyakha tigadla letincane etimphandzeni temantongomane. Kuyanconywa kutsi ngaphambi kwekutsi kulinyhwe, tinhlavu temantongomane kumele tigcotjiswe nalokusitaputapu lesiligciwane le Rhizobium kwentela kuciniseka kutsi akwakheki tigadla.
Letinye tintfo letikahle tekuhlanyela letindumbu njengekudla ngunati:
Kudla kwetindumu yintfo lesetulu-ngelizinga ngekudla kwetilwane kanye nangemaprotein laphakeme. Tilwane letikhulako, letincane tinemaprotein lasetulu ladzingekako langahlangana ngekutsi kufakwe letindumbu kulokudla lokuhlanganisiwe.
Kudla kwetindumbu kuyanambitsa phindze kugayeka kakhulu, phindze kukhulisa kutfwaleka kwe calcium enhlanyelweni.
Titjalo temacembe laluhlata lamancane tikudla lokubalulekile kwentela kwakha tilwane telubisi, noma balimi betilwane telubisi ngekunisela bangacolela indzawo yetjani-yetitjalo letincane letinemacembe. Tindumbu kulokudla lokuhlanganisiwe kwekunikwa tilwane kungakhulisa lo vitamin A na E nekutsatfwa kwe calcium kwetilwane phindze kungakhulisa lamafutsa latfwelwe kulolubisi kanye nelizinga lelubisi ngalokuphelele nakucatsaniswa kutjani-kudla kuphela.
Liningi lebafuyi betimvu lisebentisa letindumbu ngekulungisa-initrogen njenge Sitjalo lesinemacembe laluhlata, ne medics kukudla kwentela kutfutfukisa kukhula kwentsambo kanye nelizinga. Kutimbuti te Angora, tigaba temaprotein letiphakeme tingabanga kutsi ‘kucine kakhulu’ noma kube netinwele letisidula leticinile letingakhokha imiphumela lephansi ngekusindza kwato.
Luphenyo lukhomba lizinga lelitfutfukile kanye nelizinga lekukhula kutinkhomo ngesikhatsi kusetjentiswe letindumbu.
Lokukhokhiwe lokukudla kuyakhula ngesikhatsi kufakwe letindumbu ekuhlanganisweni kwato. Ekufundzeni, sitjalo lesincane lesinemacembe lesibovu lesihlanganiswe ne fescue lendze sikhokhe lokusetulu (emathani lalishumi kuhekitha linye) kunemafescue lamadze lavundziswe ngalokufika ku 165 kg wemanitrogen kuhekitha (emathani layimfica kuhekitha linye).
Lokunye kufundza kukhombise lokusetjentiswa kweTitjalo letinemacembe lamancane laluhlata kanye nesitjalo lesincane semacembe lesibovu ngusona sivunywa kutsi sivundzise lendzawo.
Kusebentisa letindumbu ngekuhlanganiswa netjani kwentela kucala kuguculwakwemhlaba ngekudla. Kuphindze kutfutfukiwe lokuguculwakwemhlaba kwalelipulazi, kuvelela kwemhlabatsi, kungakhanga tilwanyana phindze kutfutfukise lokutsatseka kwemanutrients lasuka emhlabatsini.
Sicela wati kutsi: Lwati lwekufundza phindze nenjongo yekwati kuphela futsi angeke kutsatfwe njengekuhlanyela, kupha njengekudla noma secwayiso ngemanutrition. Ngelwati loluningi ngekupha kudla letilwane takho noma tindzawo tekulimela tsintsana nangcongcoshe wetemphilo tetilwane noma loniketa tinhlavu.
Translated by Phindile Malotana