Timphi Letigegelete Sterkfontein

Inkhosi yaka Zulu Lenemandla

©Roger de la Harpe

Ngeminyaka wa 1820 eNingizimu Afrika, inkhosi yaka Zulu lenemandla, Shaka, waphakama wangena emandleni ngasemnceleni wasemphumalanga eNingizimu Afrika. Lesigodzi sonkhe sasisesimeni sebubi nekushayisana. Kunekutsi utifake enkingeni yekulwa nalelibutfo lelinemandla laka Zulu, letive letiningi tashiya tindzawo tati tasuka tahamba, konkhe loku kwentelwa kufaka letinye tive, yebo kwakha tindlela letinsha. Loku kwakuyincenye yetintfo tekwenta intfo yemsindvo ngako loko kwakubitwa nge Mfecane (kubulala).
Ngekuba yincenye yemasotja aShaka, watfumela munye webantfu bakhe, Mzilikazi, etulu endzaweni letiphakeme kuya endvuneni yebe Sotho, Ranisi. Mzilikazi wacolela kutsi uyayitsandza lendzawo levulekile futsi bekanetinkinga letincane letishaya lesive letithulile sebeSotho kanye nema Tswana kutsi tivume, ngako wacolela aphume ku Shaka wase ucala sakhe sive, eMatebele (noma emaNdebele). Nomakunjalo, Mzilikazi wesaba Shaka wase utsatsa bantfu bakhe wabayisa khashane enshonalanga, esigodzini lesisendzaweni yeSakhiwo Seluhlobo Lwebantfu.

Indzawo Yekulahlwa

©Roger de la Harpe

Wacala lidolobha lakhe, eKungwini, edvute nePitoli lesekhona nanamuhla waphindze wakha likhaya, iDinaneno, dvutane nelidamu iHartebeespoort. Lesisindvo setive tasendzaweni ngabe tibalulekile, njengoba emihomu leminingi eSakhiweni Seluhlobo Lwebantfu likhombisa luphawu kutsi tinkhomo tatifihlwa lapho kwentela kuvimba emehlo emarauding yeMatebele. Kukhona tintfo tesikhashana tetihambi letimhlophe kkulesigodzi labasho ngetigodzi letinemabodza ematje letibukeka ungatsi tilahliwe. Labanye batsi ngulapho lihhotela -imogul Sol Kerzner yatfola imibono ye ‘Lidolobha Lelalahlwa’intfutfuko kulendzawo yekuphumulela leyatiwako iSun City resort – noma kunekungabata kumbe bantfu be BaPo baba nekujwayela lokufanako kwe kitsch. Ngemnyaka wa 1832, nomakunjalo, libutfu lema Zulu lahlangana naMzilikazi lohlanyako, kwadzinga kutsi ahambe futsi.
Kulesikhatsi wahamba waya khashane kakhulu enshonalanga wangenela endzaweni yemahlatsi lese Zeerust futsi, batsi noma basuka, Mzilikazi kanye nelibutfo lakhe bebeta bacabane nawonkhe muntfu lobekahlala endzaweni Lephakeme, kufaka ekhatsi iGriqua, ema Kora kanye nemaBhunu labeka trekka kusuka eKapa. Ngemnyaka wa 1836, lama Bhunu alwa naMzilikazi eMphini yase Vegkop ase agcina akhonile kumehlulekisa (ngelusito lwetive letinye letiningi) ngemnyaka lolandzelako. Loku kwenta eMatabele aya eMfuleni weLimpopo kuya eZimbabwe lesekhona nanamuhla, lapho khona Mzilakazi wacala sigodlo sakhe lesisha, kwaBulawayo, Etintsabeni tase Matopo.

Lama Difeqane

©David Fleminger

Kube kukhona luphawu lwekulwa phakatsi kwetive tebe Sotho/Tswana eminyakeni yakadzeni ngaphambi kwa Shaka na Mzilikazi, lokucala kwalesigodzi nyalo sekwavalwa futsi nalabantfu batitfola bacudzelene tintfo letisusiwe kanye netintfo tendalo. Loku kwabitwa iDifeqane (sikhatsi sekucabana) futsi labantfu labakhona kutfola kuletintfo ngema Bhunu, lebebete inkinga ngekutsatsa indzawo lenkhulu kusuka kule leSotho/Tswana lephatanyisiwe base bacala emapulazi lasebentako abo. Njengoba emabhunu lamaningi abefika, letive letatiwako tatitfola tibambeke emkhatsini welitje kanye nendzawo lelikhuni futsi, ngemnyaka wa 1850, lesigodzi sonkhe kwatsiwa yincenye ye Zuid-Afrikaanse Republic, kwashiywa bantfu bakulendzawo bangenalutfo.
Tinye taletive letalahlwa ngema Po, lebekadze anemuholi longanaki lobeka bitwa nga Mogale. Tintsaba tase Magaliesberg tibitwa ngemuva kwakhe, njengoba lidolobha lase Krugersdorp, lebelibitwa nge Mogale City. Indvuna Mogale abeyindvodza lencane ngesikhali Matabele acala angenela indzawo yemadloti lese tintsabeni tase Magaliesberg. Ngaphandle kwekunganakwa, lesive saphocelelwa kutsi sihambe eningizimu ngetulukwe Vaal. Kwatsi nakufika emaBhunu, nomakunjalo, Mogale wakhulumisana nawo kwatsi ndzawonye baftfumela lokubahlanganisile kwentela kususa le Magaliesberg yase Matabele. Kubabonga ngelusito lwabo, lamaBhunu abita lendzawo ngemuva kwe Sikhulu Mogale, kepha akazange amunika lendzawo. Esikhundleni, batsi batamunika umsebenti ePo epulazini lawo lelisha wase uyahlala watsakasela letitselo talomunye ngemsebenti wakhe.

Kuvela kwa Nkulunkulu

Mogale akazange atsatse kahle ngalokwentelwa phansi, wase ucala kungenela etintfweni tekufunisisa ngemabhunu kufana nekungenisa tibhamu. Ngekushesha, lamaBhunu acala kufungela Mogale ngemisebenti yemasotja wase phindze futsi utsatsa bantfu bakhe wandiza waya eThaba Nchu, edvute nase Bloemfontein.
Iminyaka lelishumi nesihlanu muva, nomakunjalo, Mogale wenta kuthula nemaBhunu wase ubuyisana nalabanye bebantfu eMagaliesberg.
Kepha tintfo betisolo tingabi kahle. Kwekucala, lamaBritish abeka le Transvaal nga 1877, entela kunika lamaBhunu ngemuva kwekuwina kule Mphi Yekucala ye Mabhunu aseBritain ngemnyaka wa 1880. Kwase, eminyakeni lemibalwa ngemuva kwaloko, ligolide latfolwa kule Witwatersrand (kufaka tintfo letiningi letatfolwa kulendzawo yeSakhiwo Seluhlobo Lwebantfu).
Lokuvela lobekungakagadvwa kweligolide kuloku bekutsatfwa intfo lengatsatfelwa etulu yendzawo yelipulazi leyentiwe ngulabantfu base British kwentela kubuka ngasenyakatfo njalo futsi, basheshe bakhombe kufuna kutsatsa le Transvaal ye Republic kwesikhatsi sesibili. Lama Bhunu bekete lenye indlela ngaphandle kwekuya emphini.

Imphi Yesibili-YemaBhunu ase Britain

Lemphi yesibili yemaBhunu yaba yindze kakhulu kanye nekushayisana kwengati, lekwatsatsa sikhatsi iminyaka leminingi kwaphindze kwanika lomhlaba emakhempu awo ekucala.
Timphi letiningi letaliwa etincenyeni letiningi talelive, futsi nekukwata kanye nentfukutselo leningi yatsatsa indzawo etintsabeni kwase kwecela eMagaliesberg (kwanakeka kuletimphi tase Dwarsvlei, dvute ne Maropeng).
Le Magaliesberg lilayini lelihleliwe kwentela lamaBhunu kutsi abambe ngoba kwaba ngiyo yodvwa indlela yemabutfo emaBritish eGoli kwentela kukhulumisana ngekugegeleta eRusternberg.
Sikhumbuto lesicinile salemphi lendze kanye nalemunyu isabonakala kuleSakhiwo Seluhlobo Lwebantfu kulendzawo ngendlela ye Barton Folly edvute ne Hekpoort.

Translated by Phindile Malotana