Tinyimpi tale Sterkfontein

Hosi ya Matimba ya maZulu

©Roger de la Harpe

Hi malembe yava 1820’s e Afrika Dzonga, hosi ya matimba ya maZulu, Shaka, u fumile eka ndzhawu yale vuxeni bya tiko ra Afrika Dzonga. Ndzhawu liya hinkwayo ayiri na mpfilu-mpfilu naku avana. Ematshan’weni yakuya e nyimpini na mavuthu ya matimba ya ma Zulu, tinxaka totala tisukele misava yava kokwa wa vona kutani varhurhela e kule, laha vanga fika vakuma van’wana vatshamile, leswi swinga endla kuva na kuwa hiku landzelelana. Lexi akuri xivangelo xa nkarhi waku pfumala ntshamiseko lowunga vuya wuvuriwa Mfecane (the crushing).
Tani hi xiphemu xa mavuthu ya Shaka lawa yo chavisa, u rhumerile un’wani wa lavakulu eka vuthu, Mzilikazi, kuya eka ti highveld kuya tshikelela hosi ya maSotho chief, Ranisi. Mzilikazi u teke xiboho tani hi leswi anga fika a rhandza ndzhawu leyi yopfuleka naswona swin’wi oloverile ku hlula vanhu vo rhula va maSotho na rixaka ra maTswana kuva vatinyikela eka yena, kutani a teka xiboho xaku sukela Shaka kutani ayava na rixaka ra yena, ra Matabele (kumbe Ndebele). Hambiswiritani, Mzilikazi a chava ku hlaseriwa hi Shaka kutani a teka vanhu va yena vakongoma e vupela dyambu, eka ndzhawu leyi sweswi kungana Cradle of Humankind.

Ndzhawu ya Lost City

©Roger de la Harpe

Ati sungulela ntsindza wa yena, Kungwini, kusuhi na laha namuntlha hinge hile Pretoria kutani ati akela ndzhawu yayena kona, Dinaneno, kusuhi na damu ra Hartebeespoort. Ku khumbheka ka tinxaka ta ndzhawu liya swingava swive na nkoka swinene, tani hileswi mabaku yanwana e Cradle of Humankind ya kombaka vumbhoni bya leswaku tihomu ati tumbetiwe kona ku sivela kuyiveriwa hi rixaka ra Matabele. Kutlhela kuva na tinhlamuselo ta kuva kuvile na vapfhumba vavalungu eka ndzhawu liya laha kuvuriwaka ndzhawu yo tshama leyi endliweke hi maribye leyi tikombaka yisukeriwile. Van’wana vavula leswaku laha hilaha n’wakumi wa tihodela Sol Kerzner anga kuma kona miehleketo yo aka ‘Lost City’ eka ndzhawu ya ndhuma ya Sun City resort – hambi leswi kungana ku kanakana ka leswaku vanhu va BaPo vave naku tsakela loku kufanaka eka kitsch. Hi 1832, hambiswiritano, mavuthu ya maZulu ya kumile nala wa vona Mzilikazi, naswona a boheka ku rhurha nakambe.
Hinkarhi lowu u tsutsumele endzeni swinene ka vupela dyambu laha anga fika etindzhawini ta Zeerust, kutani loko vaha famba, Mzilikazi na mavuthu yayena ava sungula kulwisana na wihi na wihi loyi va hlanganaka nayena e Highveld, kukatsa Griqua, Kora xikan’we na mabunu lava avari eku fambeni kusuka e Cape. Hi 1836, ma Boers valwise Mzilikazi eka Battle of Vegkop laha vanga n’wi hlula kona (hiku pfuniwa hitinxaka tinwana) lembe leri tlhandlamaka. Leswi swiendle leswaku Matabele vatsemakanya nambu wa Limpopo River kuya fika laha namuntlha hinge hile Zimbabwe, laha Mzilikazi anga fika a tumbuluxa vuhosi byintshwa kona, eBulawayo, e tintshaveni ta Matopo Hills.

Difeqane

©David Fleminger

Loko kahari na vumbhoni bya kulwa ka tinxaka ta maSotho/Tswana eka malembe yotala kunga se va na Shaka na Mzilikazi, ntshamiseko wa ndzhawu liya awu tsekatseka swinene naswona vanhu vatikume varikarhi va lwela switirhisiwa swa ntumbuluko na mabindzu. Leswi aswi vuriwa Difeqane (nkarhi wa mpfilu-mpfilu) naswona vanhu van’we ntsena lavanga vuyeriwa akuri ma Boers, lava avangari na ku kanakana hiku teka misava leyo tala ya rixaka ra maSotho/Tswana leri ari pfumala ntshamiseko kutani va endla mapurasi lawa yava vuyerisaka. Loko kuya kurikarhi ku fika valungu (Boers) votala, tinxaka ta ndzhawu liya titikume tipfumala kurhula emoyeni, hiva 1850’s, ndzhawu liya hinkwayo yivuriwe xiphemu xa Zuid-Afrikaanse Republic, leswinga siya vanhu va ndzhawu liya varihava kaya.
Rin’wana ra rixaka leringa tekeriwa ndzhawu akuri rixaka rava Po, leri a ri rhangeriwa hi murhangeri wa nkanu swinene loyi avaku i Mogale. Tintshava ta Magaliesberg tithyiwe endzhaku katena, xikan’we na doroba ra Krugersdorp, leringa tlhela rithyiwa Mogale City. Chief Mogale ari wanuna lontsongo loyi loko rixaka ra Matabele risungula kuya nghena eka misava yava kokwa wa vona kusuhi nale tintshaveni ta Magaliesberg. Ehandle ka kunonoha, rixaka leri riboheke kutsutsuma kuya e dzongeni kuya e Vaal. Loko mabunu vafika, hambiswiritano, Mogale u burisane navona kutani kun’we vatwanana kuya susa rixaka ra Matabele leri ariri e Magaliesberg. Kuva ava khensa kuva van’wi pfunile, mabunu vathyile ndzhawu liya vito endzhaku ka Chief Mogale, kambe avan’winyikangi misava yayena. Kambe, vanyikile rixaka ra va Po ntirho eka mapurasi yavona yantshwa kutani vona vatshama ehansi vadya swa nyuku wa van’wani.

Ku Humelela ka Nsuku

Mogale anga swi amukelanga swaku xengiwa ka yena, kutani a sungula ku hoxa xandla eka mintirho leyi ayi lwisana na migingiriko ya mabunu kufana na ku rilisa swibamu. Hiku hatlisa, mabunu vasungula ku chavisela Mogale hi nyimpi kutani a teka vanhu vayena nakambe vatsutsumela e Thaba Nchu, kusuhi nale Bloemfontein.
Endzhaku ka 15 wa malembe lawa yanga hundza, swahatetano, Mogale a endla ntwanano na mabunu kutani a tlhelela na vanhu va yena van’wani e Magaliesberg.
Kambe swilo aswinga olovi. Rosungula, ma British va teke Transvaal hi lembe ra 1877, laha vanga ri vuyisela valungu endzhaku ko hluriwa eka nyimpi yosungula ya Anglo-Boer War hi 1880. Kutani malembe nyana endzhaku ka sweswo, nsuku wu kumiwa e Witwatersrand (kukatsa na swikumiwa swin’wana eka ndzhawu ya Cradle of Humankind).
Ku humelela swinga languteriwanga ka nsuku eka misava leyi ayi tekiwa yingari na nchumu swi endle leswaku ma British va languta e n’walungwini nakambe laha vanga vika leswaku valava ku teka Transvaal Republic ravumbirhi. Mabunu akuri hava lexi avata xiendla handle koya lwa nyimpi.

Nyimpi ya Anglo-Boer ya Vumbirhi

Nyimpi ya vumbirhi ya Anglo-Boer ayi lehile nyana naswona kuhalake ngati swinyawula, laha yinga teka malembe naswona yinyike misava tinkamba tokarhi.
Kulwiwe tinyimpi totala swinene eka swiphemu swotala swa tiko naswona kuve na minhlaselo yotala etintshaveni kutani tihundza hile Magaliesberg (leyitivekaka hi Battle of Dwarsvlei, kusuhi nale Maropeng).
Magaliesberg akuri ndzelekano wa xikongomelo wa mabunu kuwu khoma hikuva akuri ndlela yin’we ya mavuthu ya Britain lawa ayari e Joburg ku hundzisa mahungu kuya eka vamakwavo lava avari e Rustenberg.
Xitsundzuxo xotiya xa nyimpi leyi yo leha yoka yinga tsakisi xaha vonakala e ndzhawini ya Cradle of Humankind hi xivumbeko xa Barton’s Folly kusuhi nale Hekpoort.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni