Izipi ze-Sterkfontein

Ikosi yamaZulu Enamandla

©Roger de la Harpe

Kusukela ngonyaka ka-1820 eSewula Africa, ikosi yamaZulu enamandla, yabusa etlhagwini yeSewula Africa. Isifunda soke saba nerarano nemiguruguru. Kunokobabana baqalane nengozi yokulwa nekosi yamaZulu enamandla, imihlobo eminengi yabantu yatjhiya iindawo zayo bafuduka, kwangena iminye imihlobo yabantu lokho kwabangunobangela weskhathi semiguruguru ezabiywa bona ziMfecane okutlhadlhula bona ukusila.
Njengencenye zamabutho ajamele uShaka wathumela omunye umdosi phambili uMyilikazi ukobana aye e’Highveld ikosi yabeSotho uRanisi, uMzilikazi wathatha isiqunto sokobana uyayithanda indawo leyo evulekileko begodu gade anomraro omncani ngokubetha ikosi zabeSotho nanyana yamaTswana leyo azibethele kobana imnikele inarha, njeke wathatha isiqunto sokobana aphume ngaphasi kwakaShaka aye epumalanga watlama istjhaba sakhe samaTebele namkhana Ndebele. Nanyana kunjalo gade asaba ukobana uShaka uyomlimaza wabaleka watjhinga epumalanga, wafika esifundeni esizombeleze I-Cradle of Humankind.

E-Lost City

©Roger de la Harpe

Watlama lakhe idorobha, i-Kungwini-eduze kweitori wakha i-Dinaneno eduze kwe-Hartebeespoort. Indima eyadlalwa babantu egade bahlala khona gade ibonakala ngombana amadwala ambalwa we-Cradle of human kind itjengisa ubufakazi bokobana iinkomo gade zifihlwa khona bazibalekisela amehlo wamaTebele wemarauding. Kunabakhambi bamakhuwa besifunda ebakhuluma indaba yokobana kunemakhreste anezindlu ezakhiwe ngamatje esele zingasahlali abantu ekubonakala inga zitjhiyiwe. Abanye bathi kulapha umphathi wamahotela u-Sol Kerzner athola khona umkhumbulo wokobana akhe i-‘Lost City’ e-Sun City Resort nanyana kunokungabaza bona abantu be-BaPo gade bayithanda kangako nabo Indaba yezindlu ezidala Ngonyaka ka-1832, amabutho wakwaZulu athola bona uMzilikazi ukuphi kwafanela bona afuduke godu.
Ngesskhathesi wakhamba wafika emahlathini we-Zeerust lokha nabafudukako, uMzilikazi kanye namabuthwakhe gade bakhamba bararana naye woke umuntu ohlala e-Highveld, kubalwa ama-Gricua, Kora kanye namabhuru egade avela eKapa. Ngonyaka ka-1836, amabhuru alwa ipi kaMzilikazi ye-Vegkop amhlula (ngerhelebho alithola kweminye imihlobo) ngonyaka olandelako. Lokhu kwenza bona aMatebele abalekele eLimpopo River adlulele enarheni esele yaziwa ngeZimbabwe lapha athoma khona umbuso omutjha kwaBulawayo eendabeni ze-Matopo.

I-Difeqane

©David Fleminger

Lokha kunobufakazi bokobana kwaba nepi yabaSotho nanyana yamaTswana eminyakeni eyadlulako ngaphambi kokobana kube Noshaka kanye noMzilikazi, ukuzinza kwesifunda kwasele kuphelile ngombana abantu bazithola sele baphalisana ngebanga lekobana gade sele kungasarhwebeki begodu babanga nensetjenziswa zemvelo. Lokhu kwakubiwa bona yi-Difeqane (iskhathi sokulwa) begodu abantu abathola inzuzo epini le mabhuru kwaphela egade banganamraro wokobana bathathe indawo ekulu ebaSothwini abasaphazamisekileko bazithomele amaplasi wabo alethe inzuzo amakhulu. Kwathi nakungezeleleka amabhuru afika ngobunengi abahlali ababantu abanzima benarha leyo khange basazi bona benzeni ngomnyaka ka-1850, isifunda soke kwamenyezelwa bona sele kungesamabhuru nokobana sele siyincenye ye-Zuid-Afrikaanse Republic, okwatjhiya abahlali bendawo sele bangana narha.
Omunye umhlobo wabantu owangena emrarweni wokuphelelwa yinarha lo ma-Po, egade banomdosi phambili oqinileko obizwa bona nguMogale iintaba ze-Magaliesberg zathiyelelwa ngaye, ngombana lidorobha le-Krugersdorp, esele lithiywe ibizo elitjha kwathiwa yi-Mogaliesberg. Ikosi uMogale gade ayindoda encani lokha aMatebele athoma ikungena enarhenakhe ezombeleze iintaba ze-Magaliesberg. Nanyana bathoma babanekani ubesothwabo bakateleleka bona babaleke baye etjingalanga ye-Vall. Lokha nakufika amabhuru, uMogale wakhulumisana nawo womabili amaqembu la bathumela amajoni agade asebenzisana kobana baqothe amaNdebele agade enekani. Amabhuru abathokoza ngokobana bathiyelele isifundeso ngebizo lekosi uMogale kodwana akhange bambuyisele inarhakhe. Kunokobana benze njalo bapha abantu bekoro yema-Po umsebenzi kobana babasebenzele emaplasini wabo amatjha ahlala phasi amabhuru adla iinthelo zemisebenzi zamanye amadoda.

Ukuvela Kwerhawuda

UMogale akhange akuthathe kuhle ukukhohliswa mabhuru, wathoma ukuyibandakanya entweni egade zenziwa makhuwa ezifana ne as 'gun-running'. Msinya amabhuru athoma ukumthusela ngokobana bazomthumela ngamajoni godu wathatha abantu bakhe wabaleka waze e Thaba Nchu, eduze kwe Bloemfontein.
Ngemva kweminyaka eyi15 eyalandelako uMogale namabhuru baqolelana wabuya nabanye abantu bakhe babuyela eMagalisberg.
Kodwana izinto solo akhange zibe lula. Kokuthoma amakhuwa weBritheyeni amuka amabhuru I’Transvaal ngonyaka ka 1877 wawubuzisela emabhurwini ngemva kokobana bathumbe okwararako epini zokuthoma I’First Anglo-Boer War yonyaka ka’ 1880.
Eminyakeni embalwa eyalandela lapho kwatholwa irhawuda e’Witwatersrand (kanye nendaweni ye Cradle of Humankind). Ukutholakala kwerhawuda kungakalindelwa enarheni ye Witwatersrand egade ibonwa njengeplasi elinganamsebenyi kwenza bona amakhuwa weBritheyini abuye godu, afika imemeyela umncopho wabo wokobana bafuna ukuthatha inarha leyo godu kwesibili. Amabhuru akhange basaba nenye into ebangayenza babuyela epini godu.

Ipi Zesibili ye-Anglo-Boer War

Ipi zesibili yamabhuru I’Second Anglo-Boer War yaba yipi ede begodu kwathuluka iingazi khulu yadosa iminyaka begodu bekwathoma namakambha lapha kuhlala khona abantu ababalekele ipi kokuthoma ephasini.
Kwaliwa izipi eyimbalwa encenzeni ezimbalwa zenarha kanye nentabeni zeMagaliesberg. E (e-Bzattle ye Dwarsvlei, eduze kwe Maropeng).
IMagaliesberg gade kungiyo sodwa isiviko samabhuru avika ngaso ngombana kwakungiyo yodwa indlela yokobana amasotja we Brithetini eseJwanisbhege arhone ukukhuluma nabantu benarha yekhabo aba besieged eRustenberg Okusikhumbuzo esiqinileko sepi ede embi esisesekhona eCradle of Humankind esenziwe nge Barton’s Folly eduze kwe Hekpoort.

Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana