Tifo Letatiwako eKufuyweni kweTimfishi teMantilahlobile

©Dr David Crosby, VSU
Tinkinga tetifo netemphilo ekufuyweni kwetimfishi temantilahlobile tingavela ngenca yetintfo letifana nema pathogens, lizinga leliphansi lemanti kanye netinkinga. iPathogens lebanga tifo letitselelanako tetimfishi kufaka emagciwane, intfo lencane lengabonakali, tilwane letincane letiphila kulentiye kanye netintfo letiphila ngaletinye.
Tifo tetimfishi tingabekeka njengesifo lesitselelanako naleto letingatselelani futsi tingahluka emkhatsini wemacembu.
Emacembu lamancane etimfishi tasemantini lafutfumele (njenge tilapia nemfishiyelikati) titsatsela kakhulu ku epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) abe lawo emacembu lamancane emanti labandzako kufana netimfishi tasemantini temushi wenkosazana tingatfola malula tifo letifana ne bacterial cold-water disease (BCWD) ne rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS) imfishi Yemushi wenkosazana ingaphindze ibambe tifo letincane letingabonakali; iviral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) ne infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), kepha loku akuveli eNingizimu Afrika.

Timphawu teTifo eTimfishini

Kushisa lokusetulu, kubaphansi kwelizinga lemanti netinkinga letitsandza lokuvelako nekusakateka kwetifo etimfishini. Bafuyi betimfishi kumele babenendlela lephutfumako kwentela kutsi nakubakhona kubhedvuka kwetinkinga temphilo etimfishini tabo. Loku kumele kufake kubonwa kwetifo ekucaleni, lokusekelwa ngumhloli wetemphilo kwentela kugcizelela kwesifo semfishi kanye neluhla lwemitsi levunyiwe.
Nakwenteka kuba nekuphutfuma lokumatima, kumele kubekhona indlela yekususa nakukhweshiswa timfishi tiya kulelinye lidamu (lelite letinye timfishi) lelinemanti lancono ngelizinga letimo kwentela kwelapha lokungena emkhatsini.
Njalonjalo (ngetinsuku) hlola letitimphawu tekugula etimfishini temantilahlobile:
Kukhula kwentfo lengaphili sikhatsi sonkhe (kufa kwetimfishi letiningi).
Timfishi tibhukusha kancane.
Timfishi tibhukushela dvute nasetulu.
Timfishi tibhukushela ngasehlangotsini lwato.
Timfishi tikhombisa kushintja kwelibala lato, ema ulcer noma kubola.
Timfishi tishintja libala.

Sifo Lesisehlangotsini lapho imfishi iPhefumulela ngakhona

Phindze lekwatiwa nge ‘sifo sendzawo lesingasehlangotsini lekuphefumula kwemfishi’, loku kubangwa yi Flavobacterium futsi kugula kwesibili kwelihlangotsi lekuphefumula kwemfishi lokwalinyatwa tintfo leticansulako fana netintfo leticinile noma kuphakama kwetigaba te ammonia emantini.
Kanjani: Kuvela ngesikhatsi selizinga leliphansi lemanti nangetimo tekushisa letiphakeme
Lushintjo emtimbeni: Kuphatamiseka kwemacembu etinhlayiya kuhlangotsi lwekuphefumula (lokumhlophe, emabadlana lafile) neliningi lemagciwane labonakalako lakhula ngasehlangotsini lekuphefumula kwemfishi.
Kwelapha: tfutfukisa lendzawo. Sebentisa luswayi lolute-intfo lemantana lemnyama (1 kg ngenkhulungwane yelilitha lemanti), iChloramine-T noma iHyamine®.

Kubola kwencenye lepatalele lencama yemfishi nekubola kweMsila

Lesisifo semsila nencenye lepatalele sibangwa yi Flavobacterium phindze kuvele etindzaweni tesimo lesiphansi nasetimeni letiphakeme tekushisa.
Lushintjo emtimbeni: kubabovu kwalencenye lepatalele lekhula ibesendzaweni lemhlophe ekugcineni kwalencenye lepatalele nasemsileni.
Kwelapha: Tfutfukisa lendzawo. Sebentisa luswayi lolute-lokumantana lokumnyama, iChloramine-T.

iFurunculosis ne Aeromonas

©Dr David Crosby, VSU
Letitifo temagciwane tivela etimfishini letikhatsatekile, kuvame kuba kuphakama lokugubhile (timfishi letiningi letihlanganiswe ndzawonye), esimeni sekushisa lesiphakeme kanye nekuphuya kwelizinga lemanti.
Lushintjo emtimbeni: Kuhamba kwemafinyila emtimbeni nasetindzaweni letibovu. Emabadlana lamhlophe esikhumbeni, ema ulcer nekupumuka-kwemehlo.
Kwelapha: Tifoletingasito tetifo letinkhulu nekwelapha tifotonkhhe ngemshina (lokungekhatsi) tifo.

iCostia

iCostia ngulencane, lehamba-ngekushesha silwane lesiphila kulesinye futsi ivame kuvela ngesikhatsi imfishi ikhatsatekile ngenca yekugcwaliswa noma ngemanti laphansi ngelizinga. Lesisilwane sinemndlandla etimeni tekushisa letihambela kusuka ku 20°C kuya ku 29°C futsi kungabanga kufa emkhatsini wetimfishi letincane.
Lushintjo emtimbeni: Lubisi lokulukhuni kulibona (mphunga losamhlophe wesigadla) ngetulu kwemtimba, ikakhulu ngasemahlangotsini. Emafinyela lamaningi, kubabovu kwesikhumba, kunwaya noma kushikisha. Kunwaya kungesikhani lemfishi itishikisha kwentela kukhweshisa tilwane letiphila kuletinye.)
Kwelapha: Indvodza lekahle, luswayi, iChloramine-T, iFormalin.

iTrichodina

iTrichodina sifo lesibangwa tilwane letiphila kuletinye letitfolwa etindzaweni letinetintfo leticinile letakhekile netintfo letiphilako letiphakeme (emanti laphakeme ngetintfo letakheka kuletiphilako). Lesifo sihlupha lesikhumba naloluhlangotsi lwekuphefumula lwemfishi.
Lushintjo emtimbeni: Kunwaya nekushikisha. Emafinyela lamaningi. Kubulaleka kwencenye lepatalele yemfishi ne/noma ema ulcer lakuncenye lepatalele lencame yemfishi.
Kwelapha: Tfutfukisa lendzawo yetimfishi (lizinga lemanti), luswayi, iChloramine-T.

Libala Lelimhlophe 'Ich'

©Kurt Buchmann
Libala lelimhlophe (noma I ‘ich’) ibangwa tilwane letihlala kuletinnye letatiwako, letivela ngaphansi kwa 28°C.
Ivame kuhlasela timfishi letisenkingeni naletite emandla kale bese ingena esikhunjeni nasehlangotsini lekuphefumula kwemfishi.
Lushintjo emtimbeni: kunwaya nekushikisha. Kunyakata lokuyabulako. Emafinyela latiphumelako. Emabala lamancane lamhlophe laseceleni endzaweni lepatalele nasemtimbeni.
Kwelapha: indvodza lekahle nelizinga lemanti lelikahle kanye netimo tekushisa letimile. Formalin.

Timbali Letihluma Emantini

©Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory
Kuhluma kwetimbali emantini kukhula kwesitjalo emantini nasivela ngaphansi kwesimo lesikahle sekukhula – kukhanya lokwenele kanye nemanutrients. Kuyatiwa kakhulu ngaphansi kwemahhoko enethi nasetindzaweni letinemanti lamancane (kute emanti latihambelako) noma emadamu. Letinye titjalo letihluma emantini tingafihla bophoyizini labangabanga kufa etimfishini.
Lushintjo emtimbeni: Emanti ajika abebovu, luhlata sasibhakabhaka, luhlata noma nsundvu. Timfishi tiyahlupheka ngekuphefumula – lihlangotsi letiphefumula ngalo libambeka kutitjalo letihluma emantini. Titjalo tasemantini tingangena emtimbeni wetimfishi bese tihlupha lizinga lenyama.
Kwelapha: Naka tigaba tetitjalo emantini. Vikela kukhula-kwema-nutrients, ikakhulu ngaphansi kwemahhoko emanethi emadamini etimfishi letiphila emantini. Ciniseka kutsi bukhona belinani lemanti (likhulisa tigaba temoya) umangabe lesitjalo sasemantini sivela timbali.

Sifo saKotini weNtsambo

Sifo sakotini wentsambo sibangwa kugula-lokufana ne Saprolegnia, lehlala ikhona emantini. Yakha tinkinga emantini lavutsiwe ngetintfo letakheka kuletiphilako noma ngetimfishi letiningi letifile noma umtimba wetimfishi lefile. Timfishi tisheshe titsatsele malula ngesikhatsi sekutalela emacandza.
Lushintjo emtimbeni: Kugula kusakateka emtimbeni wonkhe bese kubanga tintfo letincane letimhlophe letibonakalisa ikotini-yentsambo.
Kwelapha: Tfutfukisa indzawo yemanti. Indvodza lekahle – kususwa kwetimfishi letifile ngelilanga. Kala tinkinga kanye nekulimala emtimbeni ngesikhatsi semanethi kanye nekubamba.

Indlela Yekwelapha Tifo teMfishi

Luhlolo lolukahle kumele lwenteke ngaphambi lenye imfishi ingalashwa kanye nalokutfolwako, kanjalo netintfo letingasiko kahle tekwelapha timfishi, kumele ticatjangwe.
Khetsa kwekwelapha lokukahle kanye netindlla tekwelapha. Fana nekutsi, khetsa emkhatsini wekwelapha ngekugeza (lokutosetjentiswa emahhokweni) noma kudla lokwelashiwe.
Uma welapha tifo tetimfishi ngemutsi lomusha kwesikhatsi sekucala, kwekucala nje wuhlole ecenjini lelincane letimfishi. Ungatiphi letimfishi emahora lamashumi lamabili nakune ngaphambi kwekutinika lomutsi. Indlela yekugaya isebentisa umoya futsi kubalulekile kubamba umoya lomningi kwentela letimfishi.
Yiba nesiciniseko kutsi tibalo takho kanye nekutsatfwa kwemitsi kuyalingana – sebentisa emabiomass lalinganako (sisindvo lesiphelele setimfisho tonkhe) bese ulungisa sisindvo semantic. Sonkhe sikhatsi telaphe ngetikhatsi tentsatsa kusa (ngesikhatsi simo semanti siphansi) bese ugadza kuphendvula kwemfishi.
Sonkhe sikhatsi gcina loko lokubekiwe kwesikhatsi lesisusiwe nawusebentisa lamakhemikhali kanye netidzakamizwa. Lesikhatsi lesisusiwe ngulesikhatsi letisitsatsako semitsi kutsi igayeke kwentela kutsi kute lokutotfolwa kulenyama.
Ngekwengeta kulomutsi kwentela kwelapha sifo setimfishi, tfutfukisa indzawo (lizinga lemanti) bese ugwama tinkinga letingabakhona fana nekuphatsa noma kususa letimfishi.
Gcina kwelapha lokubhaliwe netinsuku, luhlobo lwekwelapha, tizatfu tekulapha, kuphendvula kwemfishi nalokunye.

Translated by Phindile Malotana