Kukhicitwa kwemakhowe ladliwako kukhule emahlandla langetulu kwa-30 kusukela nga-1978, ngema-shiitake (emaLentinus edode) enta cishe 22% emakhowe emhlaba. Letinye tinhlobo letibalulekile temakhowe tifaka ekhatsi i-oyster, likinobho kanye ne-brown brown (i-Agaricus spp) enoki kanye nema-mushroom ladliwako e-jelly fungi (Auricularia spp). Leti tinhlobo letinhlanu temakhowe tenta 85% emakhowe atshaliwe emhlabeni.
Ngaphandle kokutshala lokubalulekile kwekudla lokungaba nomthelela ekuvikeleni kwekudla, kukhicitwa kwemakhowe nako kusetjentiswa lokusebentako kwemiphumela yetelimo lefana nemcuba wetinkukhu netjani.
Emakhowe angumtfombo wekudla lokunemphilo longasebentiswa esikhundleni senyama futsi usita emtimbeni ngetemphilo netekwelapha. Ngetulu kwaloko, ngemuva kwekukhicitwa kwemakhowe, i-substrate lesetjentisiwe (umcuba wemakhowe) kusebentiswa yona njengamanyolo wemhlabatsi ngenca yemandla awo ekukhulisa lokucuketswe yi-organic emhlabatsini.
Yini Emakhowe
Hhayi silwane futsi hhayi sitjalo, emakhowe asukela embusweni we ‘fungi’. Emakhowe ngumtimba we ‘fungi’, sigaca kanye nema-gill kodwva futsi kungahlanganisa tinhlobo letitsile letingenaso sicu. Emakhowe akhula encenyeni lesebentiswa njengemtfombo wekudla njengoba angenayo i-chlorophyll futsi awukwati kukhicita kudla kwawo njengesitjalo.
Wonkhe emakhowe akhicita tinhlamvu (noma 'inhlanyelo') letilahlwa emoyeni, lapho onkhe lamakhowe ayakhula lapho akhula kwetintfo letiphilako. Esigangeni, lesi sigaca singaba tinkuni letibolile.
Kukhicitwa Kwemakhowe Emhlabeni Wonkhe
Live lase-China ngilo lelikhicita kakhulu (futsi nemtsengi) lomkhulu wemakhowe lonematsani langetulu kwetigidzi letingu 5 ngemnyaka. Live lase Italy (ematsani langema 761 000), i-USA (390 000 ematsani), i-Netherlands (301 000 ematsani) kanye nePoland ngulabanye labakhicita lokungakhulunywa ngabo.
I-Ningizimu Afrika ikhicita cishe ematsani langu 21 000 ngemnyaka (ngemnyaka wa 2018) lanbanyenti webakhiciti bemakhowe base Gauteng, 28% eWestern Cape, na 17% KwaZulu-Natali. Lamanye emakhowe aseNingizimu Afrika atfunyelwa kulamanye emave, kakhulu emaveni langabomakhelwane njengeNamibia neMauritius.
Umlandvo Wekulima Emakhowe eNingizimu Afrika
Liplazi lekucala lemakhowe lapha eNingizimu Afrika cishe lalingela gynecologist dokotela Charles Kark endzaweni nyalo lesesenkabeni yeSandton. Ecinisweni, kusakata lokuhamba ngasepaki leluhlata ngekhatsi enkabeni yamabhizinisi asenkabeni yaseGoli kubita ligama lelitsi 'Silver Stream' ligama leliplazi lemamushroom kanye ne cannery lelachuma phakatsi kwabo 1950 nabo 1960. Latsengiselwa iTiger Brands yabese iya eThongathi Mushrooms leyayivele ifaka iDenny Mushrooms ngaleso sikhatsi.
I-South African Mushroom Farmers' Association (SAMFA) yasungulwa ngemnyaka wa-1984 futsi isebentisa imali yemalunga ekucwaningeni nasekumaketseni.
Translated by Thandokuhle Motha